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F144 
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Copy 2 




ILLUSTMMEB. 



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.46 




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ra 



ILLUSTRATED 



J. D. SOUTHWICK, 

MANAGER. 




DIRECTLY 

ON THE BEACH 



..Cbc 

Sbelburne 




MICHIGAN 

AVENUE 



REMAINS OPEN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. EVERY 
CONVENIENCE, INCLUDING HOT AND COLD 
SEA-WATER BATHS, AND PASSENGER 
ELEVATOR. 



THE A. B. ROBERTS CO. 



HOTEL TRAYMORE 

ON THE OCEAN FRONT 
Has Enlarged to Double its Former Capacity 




The Travinore has long been recognized as one of Atlantic City's most popular and 
famous beach-front hotels ; and the extensive alterations and additions just completed 
make it a model of comfort and elegance. 

Rooms en Suite, Baths attached. Etc., Etc. 
Capacity, 450 D. S. WHITE, Jr., Owner and Proprietor. 'Phone 27 



K 











Hotel Luray 



'Phone 109 

Large Rooms, Single and 

En Suite, with Private 
Sea and Fresh Water Baths 



Piazza joined to the Boardwalk. Heated Sun Parlor and Pavilion on the Ocean 

Write for Illustrated ,r^ci A M \\/HITPr C CniV Open every month 

Booklet to JOSIAH WHITE & SON i„ the Year 



HOTEL DEHMIS 



Centrally Located. 



. . . Capacity^ 450. 




Open the Entire Year. 

Modern and Complete. Luxuriously Furnished. 

Booklets upon Application. 



THONE 10. 



JOSEPH H. BORTON 



See view on opposite page. 




'Phone 22. 



ACCOMMODATIONS 



Pennsylvania 
Avenue, 
Ocean Front. 



Overlooking the Ocean -:$;2^ 
Enlarged and Refurnished throughout. 

FOR 300 GUESTS. 



Sun Gallery. Elevators. Hot and Cold Salt-Water Baths in the House. 
Enclosed vi^alk of glass from Hotel to Beach. Billiard room and all the 
appointments of a first-class house. Coach meets all trains. Ocean 
parlor on the beach, free to guests. Telegraph and Long Distance Tele- 
phone in the house. 

CHARLES EVANS & SON. 

See view opposite i)age 25. '^ •••Open all the Year. 

ii 



HOTEL 5T. CHARLE5. 

^^ ^be Xatest Conception ^^ 

4v ot a Scasborc il 

•^.. tbotel. M 

Directly on the Ocean Front, at the foot of St. Charles Place, Two 
Hundred Feet from the Breakers. 

/IIb06t Brtistic JBuUDing in Atlantic Cit^. 

^boroucibl^ /llboDern in all its appointments. 

jforts IRooms en Snite, witb private JBatb. 

An ever-flowing artesian well on the premises, bringing the water 

crystal pure, from a depth of 1000 feet. Ball and music 

room, 60 x 75 feet, large dining room, seating 

500. Reception Halls, etc. 

See view opposite page 32. '^^^'^' '''''' 3amCB B» IRCUllJ* 



Hotel Morton 



Vir§:inia Ave. near the Beach* 



T 



HE CUISINE RECEIVES 



Accommodations for 



THE PERSONAL j// 250 Guests. 

ATTENTION OF THE 'M\ Elevator from Street Level. 

^^\y Sun Parlor. 

OWNER AND MANAGER 1' g^jj^^ 

MRS. N. R. HAINES, FOR- |. Shuffle Boards 

MERLY MANAGER OF i 

THE CHALFONTE. \ 



Long Distance Telephone. 
Ocean View. 



For Terms and Full Particulars, Address 

MRS. N. R. HAINES, 

Telephone 407. Owner and Proprietress. 

See view opposite page 42. 



HOTEL 
I5LE5W0RTH 



^ VIRGINIA AVENUE, 

^W9f Directly on the Beach. 

OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 

A Modern Hotel in Every Respect. 

Fresh and Salt Water in all Bath Rooms. 

^ HALE & SCULL, Managers. 



See view opposite 


page 52. 






THONE 163. 


ORCHESTRA. 






MILITARY BAND. 


^f 


Rooms 


en Suite, with 


Sea and Fresh Water 


tf 




Baths. 


Elevator from 


Street Level and com- 






plete Electric Plant. 


Steam Heat. Sun Par- 






lor. A 


Table d'Hote 


Luncheon and Dinner 






served 


in Cafe. 






****************** 


***** 



Hotel Rudolf 



On Beach Front. 



Terms, $3.00 to $5.00 per day. 

Special Rates for May, June and September. 

Accommodations for 600 Guests. 

W. E. COCHRAN, ChARLES R. MyERS, 

Cliief Clerk. 'Phone 111. Proprietor. 

See view opposite page 62. 
iv 



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Royal Palace Hotel 



Ocean End of 

IT is in the coolest, most pictur- PACIFIC AVENUE. 

esque and exclusive hotel section. 
The boardwalk is but 50 feet away 
and 200 rooms have unobstructed 
views of the ocean, which sweeps 
past not one but several sides. Private 
baths are attached to 100 rooms, many 
of them being en suite. 
All sailing craft to and from the Inlet 
pass immediately in front of the hotel. 
The furnishings, equipment, appoint- 
ments, cuisine and service are unex- 
Write for ceiled on the coast. Persons desiring 

a quiet and retired location, away from 
Illustrated the crowd and bustle, yet within easy 

r> « I . distance of the centre of amusement, 

OOOKiei. will find the Royal Palace the place 

they seek. 

F. N. PIKE, Proprietor. 

Also Proprietor of the HYQEIA HOTEL. Old Point Comfort, Va. 



The Jackson. 



Directly on the Beach at 

Virginia Avenue» 

Full Ocean View. 



New, handsome fire-proof hotel, built of 
brick and stone; complete with every 
modern appointment. Rooms en-suite 
with private bath. Elevator from level 
of street. Capacity 200. Open all yean 



Illustrated booklet^ show- 
ing plan of rooms, mailed SENSOR St IMEL 
upon application 



Entirely New Hotel with Full Ocean View from Every Room. 

Rotel Piempom, 



Ocean end of new Jersey Jfuenue. 



Buffet and Grotto— Ground Floor. 
Convenient to Golf Links. 



CONDUCTED IN THE MOST 
LIBERAL AND APPROVED 
MANNER. .• .■ .• .• .• •• 
HANDSOMELY FURNISHED. 



CAPACITY 30 0. 




Thoroughly Steam Heated. 
Elevator from Street Level. 
Electric Lights. 
Rooms en Suite, with Bath. 
Write for Booklet. 



€bannell Bros. 



'Phone 47<?. 

See view opposite page 65. 










^pTj-ri 'Pi^on^ 378. 

IROQUOIS 

A SUPERB NEW HOTEL. 

Sooth Carolina Ave* 
and Beach. 

Ocean view; capacity 500; steam 
heat ; sun parlors ; elevator to 
street ; rooms en suite, with bath ; 
spring rates, $12 to $17.50 weekly; 
booklet mailed. 

W. F. SHAW. 



THE ROMAN, 



Ocean End, 



St. Charles Place* 



European and American. Meals served to order from 6 A. M. until 12 M. at night. New 

and elaborately furnished in ancient and modern designs. Rooms en suite 

or single, with bath. Elevator to street level. 



OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 



Thone 44. 



C. O. SHAAR. 




Hotel Atglen 

MICHIGAN AVE. 

NEAR BEACH. 



OCEAN VIEW. 

STEAM HEAT 

OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 

Strictly first-class Family 
House. All modern improve- 
ments. Special rates to fami- 
lies. |8.oo to $10.00 a week, 
^\. 51.50 to J2.00 per day. 

'Phone 338. J. E. REED, 



CUISINE THE BEST. 
STEAM HEAT. 



OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 



EXCELLENT 
ACCOMMODATION. 



THE BERWICK, 



JNO. M. TAYLOR, 

Proprietor. 



KENTUCKY AVENUE, 



^-Square from Beach. 




THE HOWARD, 

TENNESSEE AVENUE, 

Near the Beach. 
M. SCHNEIDER. 

f2.oo to f2.50 per day. 58.00 to $14.00 per week. 



HOLMHURST.,. 



'Phone 423. 



On Atlantic City's most fashionable avenue (Pennsylvania), near beach. 

Open throughout the year. 

Modern and homelike. 

Write for booklet and rates. HENRY DARNELL. 



Everybody goes to Brigantine*** 




Hotel Majestic 

Elevator. Modern in ever 
'Phone 705. 



BY BOAT AND TROLLEY CAR 

Across the Inlet Alongf the Beach 

Bfigantine Transportation Company Steamers 

run every few minutes in season. 

. . . See Holland House advertisement. 

VIRGINIA AVE , third house from the beach. 

Directly overlooking: the New Steel Pier. 
L'tail. Capacity 300. Booklet mailed on application. 
OSBORNE & PAINTER. 



Vlll 




Hotel EsnoHD 

Ocean End New York Ave. 



STEAM HEAT. ELECTRIC LIGHTS. 

ELEVATOR FROM STREET LEVEL. 

OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 



First-class in every respect. Modern 
improvements. $2.50 to $5.00 per day, 
$15. CO to $30.00 per week. 



'Phone 54 



F. P. PEALE. 



MICHIGAN AVENUE, Near Beach. 
J. C. COPELAND. 
Open all the Year. Enlarged'. Every convenience, including passenger elevator, steam 
heat and electric bells. Ocean view from all rooms. 



Hotel Edison^ 



The Canfield^ 
Hotel Kenderton^ 



VIRGINIA AVENUE, Near the Beach 
'Phone 476. F. A. CANFIELD. 



Ocean End Tennessee Avenue 

MRS. J. F. NEALL, of Tioga. 
100 feet from Ocean. Convenient to all places of interest. 

Special rates made with families for the season. 



Park Cottage, 



Near the Beach. 



108 SOUTH KENTUCKY AVENUE. 
M. B. WALKER. 
Open all the Year. 



Welsh Cottage, 



Near Beach. 



No. 109 OCEAN AVENUE. 
M. D. WELSH. 
Open all the Year. 



Enderby, 



Near Beach. 



No. 112 MICHIGAN AVENUE, SOUTH 
MRS. S. LETTRE. 
Terms Moderate. 



Speiders Hotel, 



Open all the Year. 



MISSOURI AND ATLANTIC AVES. 
Opposite Reading Depot. 
Phone 227. CHAS. M. SPEIDEL. 



Corner Atlantic and Harrisburg Avenues 

(CHELSEA.) 
FRANK J. KRAEMER, Proprietor. Every Room Ocean View. 



Chelsea Inn^ 



Hotel Stickney^ 



KENTUCKY AVE., 100 FT. from the ocean. 

L. V. STICKNEY. 
Steam Heat. Elevator. 59.00 to $14.00 per week. Transient, $2.00 to J2. 50 per day. 

"R T J KENTUCKY AVE., Second house from Beach. 

INOrWOOa^ -Phone 367. F. ALSFELT. 

Appointments First-class. Steam Heat. Open all the Year. Location very desirable. 



Hotel Marsden^ 



Ocean End of South Carolina Avenue. 

MRS. JOHN E. FLYNN. 
Open all the Year. 



NEW YORK AVENUE near PACIFIC. 
N. A. DIELING, Proprietor. 
First-class accommodations Convenient to Depot and Beach. Open all the Year. 



Hotel Roanoke, 



Hotel Pelham, 



SOUTH CAROLINA AVENUE and BEACH. 

'Phone 658. LUKENS & HUDDERS. 

Elevator, Steam Heat, Sun Parlor and every modern convenience. Personal attention to 
Cuisine and Service. Centre of all attractions. Capacity 250. Open the entire Year. 



The Barrymore^ 



1907 Pacific Avenue near Ohio Avenue 

MRS. MARY LAUGHLIN. 
Rooms, Single or en Suite. Table Board. Formerly of Wells' Beach, Maine. 

Home Comforts. Good Table. Central Location. 



The Gilberta^ 



154 and 156 OCEAN AVE., near Beach. 

W. F. BECKER. 

A cheerful family house. Good Table. Delightful Location. Steam Heat. Rates per 
day, $1.50 to 52. .so. OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 



The Leedom^ 



163-165 OCEAN AVE., near the Beach. 

MRS. J. H. LEEDOM, 

Close to the Ocean Promenade, hot and cold sea-water baths, and all places of interest. 
All modern convenience, perfect sanitation and large porches. Open all the Year. 



The Seaward^ 



2016 PACIFIC AVENUE. 'Phone 415. 
MRS. N. L. WARD. 
Excellent Cuisine. With home comforts. OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 



Victoria^ 



SOUTH CAROLINA AVENUE. 

M. WILLIAMS. 

Good Ocean View. Hot-Water Heat. Open all the Year. 



Hotel St. George^ 



MISSOURI AND ATLANTIC AVES. 

FRANK HEINISH, Proprietor. 

Boarding by Day or Week. Opposite Philadelphia and Reading Depot. 

Terms Moderate. Open all the \'ear. 



Hotel Malatesta, 



Atlantic and North Carolina Avenues. 

Open all the Year. 
M. MALATESTA, Proprietor. J. K. CARMACK, Manager, 

P'ormerly (iirard House, Philadelphia. 



COR. ILLINOIS AND ATLANTIC AVES. 

Ameriran and European Plan. 

J. R. LONGINOTTI, Proprietor. DAVID LONGINOTTI, Manager, 

Formerly of Wm. Megonegal's, 1021 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 



Hotel LonginOtti and Cafe 




Cottage of C. H. McPherson— Residence of Col. George P. Eldridge— Cottage of 
Thomas M. Thompson— Cottage of Mrs. Cuthbert Roberts. 



nrff "D PARK PLACE, near Beach. 'Phone 92. 

i lie iS^CVCTCf JAMES M. MOORE. 

Facing City Park. SteamHeat. Heated Sun Parlor and Smoking Room. Open all the Year. 



Hotel Brunswick^ 



PACIFIC AVENUE AND ST. JAMES PLACE. 
'Phone 70S. MRS. CHAS. H. SASSE. 

Open all Year. SteamHeat. Large Rooms. Full Ocean View. All Modern Improvements. 



The Chester Inn^ 



lEW YORK AVE., near the Beach. 
DANIEL KNAUER. 
Central Location. SteamHeat. Sun Parlor. Moderate Rates. 'Phone 42. 



The Manhattan^ 



OCEAN END SOUTH CAROLINA AVE. 

Near Beach and Railroad Station. 
Open all the ^'ear. P. O. Box 237. M. A. MELONEY. 



npl Tp , KENTUCKY AVE., near Beach 

1 ne V isia^ macht & blaci 



;h. 'Phone 514. 

Every possible home comfort. Si.soand up daily. 5S 00 and up weekly. 



The Grove^ 



31 SOUTH DELAWARE AVENUE. 

Open all the Year. GEO. ZIP PEER, Jr. 

Special rates for Spring and Fall. Convenient to Beach and all places of interest. 



The Wavelet^ 



PACIFIC AND NEW YORK AVENUES. 

MRS. SWAIM. 
One Block from Beach and Railroad Station. Terms Moderate. 



The Wiltshire^ 



VIRGINIA AVENUE AND BEACH. 
S. S. PHOEBUS, Owner and Proprietor. 

For Booklet and information address the Proprietor. 



Hotel Buena Vista^ 



OPP. PHILA. AND READING R. R. DEPOT. 

CHAS. C. HAINES. 
European plan. Cuisine unexcelled. Salads and Fish Foods a specialty. Buffet 
supplied with the finest grades of Wines, Brandies, Gins, Cigars, etc., my own importa- 
tion. Open all the \'ear. Fine Furnished Rooms, jTi. 00 per day. Special attention given 
to Planked Shad Dinners, from March 15th until June i.slh. 



Hotel Kilcourse^ 



Cor. arctic and ARKANSAS AVENUES. 
Open all the Year. 

A brick Hotel, newly furnished. With modern appointments. 

Steam Heat. Electric Bells and Lights. 'Phone 740 THOMAS KILCOURSE. 



T 1 j_ "T) »1» Concerts Mornin 

inlet ravilion, Fi.^.c, 



g, Afternoon and Evening, 
ass Cafe Attached. 
joHX E. MEHKER, Proprietor. 



The Fassio^ 



ARCTIC AND SOUTH CAROLINA AVES. 
Near \Y. J. cSi S. S. Station. J. D. FAS5IO, Proprietor, 

Good Table Home Comforts. Terms Moderate. 'Phone s;'^. 



Kuehnle^s Hotel^ 



Opp. West Jersey & Seashore R. R. Depot. 

LOITS KUEHNLE, Prop. 
Open all the Year. 'Phone 400. 



XI 



■BY THE BREAKERS AT BRIGANTINE- 



HoUand House 



Opened in 1S96. Supplied with Artesian well-water. 

Lighted by Electricity. 

Meals served at any hour k la carte. Fish and 

Game Dinners a Specialty. 



SAFE SURF BATHING. 

Take Steamer at the Inlet, electric cars to the door. EUGENE MEHL, Manager. 
See Brigantine Transportation Company's Advertisement. 



Bleak House^ ^m 



DIRECTLY ON OCEAN FRONT. 
"Won^t Burn/^ GEO. H. CORYELL. 

Strictly European. Modern. Absolutely fire-proof. The Hotel " par excellence." Forty 
private baths. Capacity 400. Luxuriously appointed. Booklet mailed. 'Phone 486. 



The Eastbourne^ 



Unobstructed Ocean View. 
Appoititments Complete. 

KATHARINE McGRATH. 



OPEN 

ALL THE 

YEAR. 



Allenhurst^ 



1 36 MARYLAND AVE., South, near the Beach. 

L. C. MILLER. 
Spacious Lawn. Open all the Year. Appointments First-class 



Hotel Osborne^ 

Elevator and modern appointments 

Send for Booklet 



ARKANSAS AND PACIFIC AVENUES. 

MRS. P. J. OSBORNE. 

$1.50 to $2.50 per day, J8.00 to $14.00 weekly. 
'Phone 739. 



The Raymond^ 

Enlarged and Refurnished. 



VIRGINIA AVENUE AND BEACH. 

Phone 616. EVANS & WOOD. 

Thoroughly Heated. Open all the Year. 



Hotel Pembroke^ 



Thoroughly Heated. 



North Carolina Ave. near Pacific Ave. 
mrs. e. m. mason. 

Convenient to all places of interest. Open all Year. 



Hotel Heckler^ 

OPEN ALL THE YEAR. 



Cor. ATLANTIC and PENNSYLVANIA AVES. 
HENRY HECKLER, Proprietor. 

Heated by Steam in Winter. 



The Chautauqua^ 



Convenient to all places of interest. 



27 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUE 

One square from the Beach. 

I. RUTHERFORD. 



LYLBURN H. BEWLEY, 

JEWELER, Repairing a Specialty. 
No. 1 105 Atlantic Avenue. 
Alfred W. Ely, Optician. 

R. T. CHAPMAN, 

Optician and Jeweler, 1829 Atlantic Ave. 
Optical Work a Specialty. Special At- 
tention given to repairing Souvenirs. 

B. F. LEEDS, Telephone 26. 

Boarding and Livery Stables. 

Agent for Keystone Wagons. 

Stables, No. 1811 Atlantic Avenue, and 

California Avenue above Atlantic. 



FRANK CURZIO, hTJri' t1:.o.. 

2013 Atlantic Avenue. 
Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring, Pressing and 
Repairing at Low Prices. 

DAVID FREESE, 

Picture Frames ok all Descriptions 

Made to Order. 

Dealer in Window and Looking Glass. 

1819 Atlantic Avente. 

AL FARRAND, "Heiio"393. 

Electrician and Locksmith, 
15 S. New York Av., next door to Post Office. 
r:iectrical Repair Work a Specialty. 
Trunks and Umbrellas Repaired. 



DICKERSON & CO. 

Ladies' Department. 

Always new, fresh goods to show you. Good styles and plenty to 
select from. 

Shirt Waists, Skirts, Underwear, 

Hosiery, Linens, Notions, 

Linings, Parasols, Sailor Hats, 

Leather Goods, Belts, Neckwear, 

Summer Dress Goods. piine 521. 

THOS. J. DICKERSON & CO., 1330=32=34 Atlantic Ave. 



HINKLE & MCDEVITT, "^^=- 

PAINTS OILS, PLUMBIMG, 

VARNISHES, i-u-v^i i u i * ^ >=? , 

RooFiNc^rr'' ""'''' Steam and Hot-Water Heating, 

METAL WORK. wt,v,u O^ 

817 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 'Phone 130. 



ARTISTS' MATERIALS. ESTABLISH ED 1878 . TELE PH O N E No 1 75. 

OUi:^ER H. GWXTRIDGE. 

GENERAL. CONTRACTOR, 

Dealer in Mard\A/are, M ou sef u rn ish i n g Goods, 

WALL PAPERS AND WINDOW SHADES, OIL CLOTHS AND LINOLEUMS, 

PAINTERS' SUPPLIES, WINDOW GLASS, 

W. L. RiDGWAY, MANAGER. 1326 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 



T^^LBERTSON St YOVyiSG CO. 
HARDWARE, PLUMBING AND STEAM HEATING, 

Stoves^ Heaters^ Ranges^ and Housefurnishing Goods, 
TELEPHONE 47. ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS. 



L. E, FREEMAN, 1022 Atlantic Avenue, 

Practical Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter. 

Sanitary Plumbing and Drainage a Specialty. Constantly on hand a full line of 
Gas Fixtures and Globes. 



TELEPHONE 192 



WILLIAM HEALT) CO. 

ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL, 

Flour, Feed and Grain, Hay, Straw, Salt, Soap, 

Corn Meal, Etc. 

Telephone No. 93. BALTIC AND CONNECTICUT AVENUES. 



RICHARD McAllister, 

BALTIC AND Dealer in COAL and WOOD 

KENTUCKY AVES. Telephone No. 606. 



ALLEN B, ENDICOTT 

Counselor-at-Law 

UNION NATIONAL BANK BUILDING 

Rooms I, 2 and 3 
Carlton Godfrey B. C. Godfrey 

GODFREY & GODFREY 

ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW 

...MASTERS IN CHANCERY AND NOTARIES PUBLIC... 

Rooms 13 and 15 Real Estate and Law Building 

ROBERT E. STEPHANY 

Counselor-at-Law Office^ 17 and 19 Real Estate and Law Building 

HAROLD F. ADAMS 

ARCHITECT 

Telephone 348 Rooms 30-32 Law Building 

S. HUDSON VAUGHN 

ARCHITECT 
'Phone 178 Rooms 45 and 47 Law Building 

MECCA OF THE VISITORS 



The Ocean Pier 

Nearly 3000 Feet Long 

JOHN L. YOUNQ, Owner and Proprietor 

..FOOT OF TENNESSEE AVENUE.. 

Admission, 10 cents; Children under 12 years of age, and Baby 
Coaches and attendant, 5 cents 



The best equipped and most popular amusement resort in Atlantic City. 
Continuous chain of exclusive features from morning till night. 

THP RTP NPT HA TIT ^^^ '"''** interesting sight along the coast. 
inC Diyj JMZl IIAUL ^„ ^j^jg ^j curious fish are caught in the great 
sea net at end of the Pier. Hauls will be made daily at 11 A. M. and 4.30 P. M. 

GOOD FISHING ON THE OUTER DECK 
... Band Concerts Mornings, Afternoons and Evenings ... 

Finest Dancing Pavilion on the Coast 
Special Attractions Daily in the New Theatre. 




Irvin's Dry Goods Store— Union National Rank Building. 



THOMPSON IRVIN^S 

2>r^ (3oob6 IDouee 

of Htlantic <L\t^ . . . 
Nos. 16 J9 and 1621 ATLANTIC AVENUE 

. . . Extends a cordial invitation to all 
visiting Atlantic City to call and examine 
the large and well-assorted stock of . . . 

Br^ (3oob8, IKlotions, XTriinniinos, 

Btc, Btc, lEtc, 
AT THE LOWEST CASH PRICES. 



m 



The Largest House Furnishing Establishment 
in West Jersey. 

ELL ^ GOR/AAM. 

Furniture, |I|attresses, Carpets, yptiolstery. 

ATLANTIC AND TENNESSEE AVES. 



a GARRISON, 



COAL, WOOD, LIME, CEMENT, 
Plaster and Mortar. 

California avenue, between arctic and Baltic a\'enues. 

TELEPHONE 4,.. 



DR. J. B. JONES, Telephone 2b. 

Vei ERiNARv Surgeon, 

Graduate N. ^•. Cllcgc of \oterinary Sur-coiis. 

181 1 Atlantic Avenue. 



L. A. CHARLTON, 

HOT AND COLD SE.A-WATER BATHS 

Beacli-front and Illinois Aves. 
Hotel Tarlton. 



HES TON'S 
HAND-BOOK 




PR:ESS (Unsolicited). 

" Much valuable information is given by Mr. Heston in 
this little volume/' — Public Ledger, Philadelphia. 

"An excellent account of Atlantic City's many 
attractions. ' ' — Pittsburgh Chronicle- Telegraph. 

"A complete description of the famous watering 
place. ' ' — Washington Star. 

PHYSICIANS ( Unsolicited). 

1404 Olive Street, 

St. Louis, Mo., May 7, 1900. 
Mr. a. M. Heston. 

Dear Sir : Please accept my thanks for the Hand- 
Book. I will spend all of my Augusts in Atlantic City in the 
future, as I am about retiring from practice. I believe the 
book has already determined two of mv patients to go to 
Atlantic City instead of to Wisconsin resorts. 
Sincerely yours, 

C. A. WARE. 

Atlantic City, May 12, 1900. 
Mr. a. M. Heston. 

Dear Sir : I have always had a livelv interest in your 
Hand-Book, have recommended it to a great many people, and 
look upon it as the most valuable publication on Atlantic City. 
I have seen similar works in other cities, but consider your work 
the best and most perfect exponent of any city in the country. 
Sincerely yours, 

M. D. YOUNGMAN. 



A. M. HESTON, 

Publisher^ 

Office: Union National Bank Building, 



Heston's Hand-Book of Atlantic City.'* 
Atlantic CiO — Queen of the Coast." 
Winter Ontinfis and Summer Rambles." 
Outing by the Sea," etc. 



ATLANTIC 
CITY. 




ATLANTIC CITY AND COUNTY OFFICIALS. 

I. Allen B. Endicott, County Judge, 2. Lewis P. Scott, County Clerk. 

3 Lewis Evans, State Senator. 
4. Franklin P. Stoy, Mayor. 5- Alfred M. Heston, Comptroller. 



Oueen otthe Coast 

TWENTIETH CENTURY 
SOUVENIR EDITION 

H E STON'S 
HAND-BOOK 




Being an account of the settlement of Evre Haven, 
and a succinct history of Atlantic City and County 
during the 17th, i8th and 19th centuries; also 

Indian Traditions and Sketches 

of the region between Absegami and Chico- 
h a c k i , in the c o u n t r \- called S c h e \- i c h b i . 



Bv ALFRED M'. H E S T O N 



y 



ATLANTIC Crrv, NEW JERSEY 

NINETEEN HUNDRED. / /HI TE.-iR OF PrBLIC.-iTloX 




Good-bye to pain and care ! I take 

Mine ease to-day ; 
Here, where the sunny waters break 
And ripples this keen breeze, I shake 
All burdens from the heart, all weary thoughts away. 

Ha ! like a kind hand on my brow 

Comes this fond breeze, 
Cooling Its dull and feverish glow ; 
While through my being seems to flow 
The breath of a new life — the healing of the seas. 

— IVhittier. 



48 65 55 

JUL Z 1942 



Copyrighted, igoo. by A. M. HESTON. 

All persons are cautioned not to use any part of this work in other compilations or 
publications without proper credit. 



\ 



^ 



PART I 



Atlantic City Sketches — Winter and Summer 
OUTINGS BY THE SEA. 



•alutatorj?. 




;N the olden times, 'tis said, every feudal baron welcomed the 
stranger to his castle and the pilgiim to his fireside ; he 
listened with delight to the tale of the traveler and the song 
of the troubadour. The barons and bards, pilgrims and 
poets, made their entrance and their exit a thousand years 
ago, and since their day the centuries have wrought many changes. 
The world is not what' it was, but though the times have changed, 
mankind has not changed his nature. He still has the same desire for 
novelty, the same love of story, the same fondness for pleasure. 

Attend then, worthy friends, if you will, while I, a stranger and 
traveler, tell of a delightful place whereunto 1 have been, and show unto 
you some pictures of the greatest and fairest of the world's watering places. 
Sir Oracle, another pilgrim who preceded me to this place of pleasure, 
homeward bound, was benighted, and craved a shelter at my hands, 
promising that this courtesy he would repay with some story of the 
wonderful city which he had visited. In my veins there flows no blood of 
barons; howbeit, in imitation of the cavaliers of old, 1 feasted Sir Oracle 
at my humble board and seated him at my fireside. Then remembering 
his promise, and mindful of my hospitality, out of the fullness of his 
heart he thus spake: "Atlantic City! Place of Pleasure! Haven of 
Rest! Mecca of the Tourist! Delight of the Pilgrim! Abode of 
Fashion ! Paradise of the Summer Girl ! Home of the Neglige Shirt ! 
Age can not wither nor custom stale thine infinite variety ! Pceans of 
praise can add naught to the glory that surrounds thee, thou Queen of the 
Coast." Again he was silent, and though I waited long, 'twas all he said. 
Since then 1 have been to Atlantic City, and for thee, worthy listener, 
who, perchance, hath never been there, this panorama of pen pictures and 
camera sketches hath been prepared, with the confident expectation that 
the succeeding season of outing will find thee there among the thousands, 
enjoying to the full the beauties and the pleasures of that unique resort. 
Though as yet a stranger to the place, thou mayst profit by my story, 
and, the while believing, may say to thy friend, in the language of Scot- 
land's bard, " 1 cannot say how the truth may be ; i tell the tale as 'twas 
told to me." 

Be assured, I would not forestall thy good opinion of Atlantic City 
by offering thee pictures and sketches that are too highly colored. Briefly 
and frankly, my only hope is that, having heard my story and seen my 
play, thou mayst say, as Nick Bottom, the weaver, said to good master 
Cobweb, the fairy, "1 shall desire more acquaintance of thee"— thou 
Jersey island fair, with the wine of life in thy pleasant air. 

A. M. H. 

JULY I, iQoo. 



prologue. 



Shall 1 not take mine ease in mine inn r'—Su Joint Falstaff. (Shakspeare.) 



Sir Oracle.— What sayest thou, spirit of the departed Falstaff? 
Dost thou desire ease in thine inn ? Then seest thou that the inn be chosen 
with care, that thy host be one worthy of thy company, and above all that 
the inn be situate in Atlantic City. 

Falstaff.— But how can I know the whereabout of this place thou 
callest Atlantic City, the direction thereto, the number of inns therein, and 
which be goodly taverns that rob me not of mine exchequer? 

Sir Oracle.— All this and much more store of information is vouch- 
safed unto thee, my lord. 

Falstaff.— But suppose that I too be a belated traveler, who spurs 
apace to gain the timely inn — how shall 1 find my place of abode, seeing 
that the west doth not yet glimmer with some streaks of day and I be a 
stranger in a strange land? 

Sir Oracle.— List! Let my worthy and adipose knight send for 
that book yclept Heston's Hand-Book of Atlantic City, whereof there 
be many thousands print, and see therein many fair pictures and much 
story about the town ; and a catalogue of all the inns and boarding places, 
likewise some pictures of the taverns wherein thou wilt fmd thy warmest 
welcome. 

Falstaff.— Wherefore shall 1 know, Sir Oracle, if I go thence, how 
many pieces of gold to place in mine pouch, that 1 may have the where- 
withal to pay the inn-keeper? 

Sir Oracle.— Be not uneasy about that. Your jocund highness 
will fmd in the Hand-Book a catalogue of all the inns, the dole which each 
host doth demand of the pilgrim and the number of lodgings at his dis- 
posal. And thou shalt read in this book of elevators, electroliers, tele- 
phones, electric lights, electric cars, locomotives, railroads, steamboats, 
automobiles, biographs, phonographs, merry-go-rounds, roundabouts, to- 
boggans, switchbacks, kinetoscopes, and divers other strange devices, of 
which thou hast never before heard. 

Falstaff. — Avaunt there, wizard, with thy telephones and auto- 
mobiles, thy elevators, railroads, biographs and phonographs ! Thou 
speakest in an unknown tongue. Yet will 1 send for this book on the 
many taverns in thy town of Atlantic City ; howbeit, this be a place 
whereof 1 never before heard. Verily, 1 must view the manners of this 
strange town, peruse its traders, gaze upon its buildings and take mine 
ease in mine inn. Knowest thou the cost of the book of which thou 
speakest so highly? 

Sir Oracle.— Yes, my dear Falstaff. Send a bag of forty and eight 
farthings to the publisher, or to any bookseller in the provinces of America ; 
so shalt thou receive it by the earliest post. Verily, in this book there be 
much story about the town and pictures waiting of the best of the inns 
therein, where thy stomach is most carefully honored and thy couch like 
unto a bed of roses. 



(^mtn of tt)0 Coast. 




HE island whereon Atlantic City is built is situated 
between Absecon and Great Egg Harbor inlets, 
within sixty miles of Philadelphia and one hundred 
and fifty miles of New York, by railroad. It is 
distant five miles from the mainland, the intervening space 
being an expanse of bays, sounds and salt marshes. The 
island in its chrysalis condition, before it felt the electric touch 
of a railroad, was known as Absecon Beach, which name still 
exists in the adjoining village of Absecon, on the mainland, 
now put completely in the shade by its more successful 
neighbor. 

Many of the more recent patrons of Atlantic City do not 
know that, although the history of the place as a pleasure 
resort dates from the time of its founding, in 1854, it was not 
until more than twenty years later that it became widely 
known as a winter health resort and sanitarium. To-day 
there is no northern winter resort so popular, none so largely 
patronized and none so urgently recommended by physicians 
generally as Atlantic City. The physicians of Philadelphia 
were the first to discover the wonderful curative effects of the 
saline air of Atlantic City, and to them, more than to any 
other class of men, is due the credit of making the city what 
it is to-day, a famous sanitarium. 

in the olden times the seashore was considered a desolate 
place in winter. Such a bleak idea as to be there in January 
would have chilled the marrow of an invalid. And yet we 
find that many of the wealthy, who otherwise would go to 
Europe, now spare themselves the annoyance of ocean travel 
by going to Atlantic City. Others, who formerly sought 
health and relaxation in the more distant Southern resorts, 
now make this their winter abiding place. 



^Oung £pen anU ^[paitieng, The founders of Atlantic City 
W>Ut\)t\0t& auD mt} ^aitl0* prophesied that it would stand 

pre-eminent as a resort. Doubt- 
less it is to-day the queen of American watering places and 
health resorts. There is a sort of freedom about the place 
that pleases all who come here. It is no uncommon sight, 
even in winter, to see men eminent in their callings busily 
engaged in scooping up bucketfuls of sand for children whom 
they chance to meet on the beach, or aiding them in their 
search for shells after a receding tide. Young men and maid- 
ens, sedate bachelors and prudish old maids not infrequently 
take part in such diversions, and one can not help thinking 
that the intellects and the characters thus unbent appear to 
greater advantage by the relaxation. 




n 



Yachtins Scene at the Inlet. 



€)?ont off tl^c ^ctan. 




EVERAL elements combine to produce the tonic and 
resting effects of the Atlantic City air, the first of 
which is the presence of a large amount of ozone — 
the stimulating, vitalizing principle of the atmos- 
phere. Ozone has a tonic, healing and purifying power, that 
increases as the air is taken into the lungs. It strengthens 
the respiratory organs, and in stimulating them helps the whole 
system. It follows naturally that the blood is cleansed and 
revivified, tone is given to the stomach, the liver is excited 
into healthful action, and the whole body feels the benefit. 

For some persons the air alone is sufficient, while others 
get along famously with the air and the aid of judicious bath- 
ing. Of course, during the cooler months of the year the bath 
must be elsewhere than in the surf. For all seasons of the 
year there are the hot sea-water baths and the natato- 
riums, with large pools of tepid sea-water. For some only 
the briefest dip in the ocean is all that is necessary or safe; 
others should refrain altogether from ocean bathing, and con- 
fine their ablutions to the hot baths; exercising in these, how- 
ever, proper care as to time and temperature of the water. 
Delicate persons can not safely bear a prolonged soak in hot 
water, whether salt or fresh. 

As to diseases of the respiratory organs, a physician says : 
" I have had personal knowledge of many patients suffering 
from various forms of such affections who have made trials of 
the climate of Atlantic City in winter. The cases have, as a 
rule, improved, some of them very decidedly, though there 
have been exceptions. Consumptives in the incipient stage, 
and even those in the advanced stages of the disease, where 
the destructive process has advanced slowly, have often ex- 
perienced marked improvement and, in some cases, have been 
cured." 



^11 ^t WtRV^ anU Sufferers from autumnal catarrh, which 
Jt)eat3r ilaUen* ^^ essentially a form of hay fever, enjoy 

^ great relief by coming to Atlantic City. 

The late Rev. Henry Ward Beecher and the late Dr. Oliver 
Wendell Holmes had a witty correspondence on the subject of 
hay fever some years ago, in which the latter declared that 
there was no cure for the disease "but six feet of gravel." 
Atlantic City, however, has answered back that if it can not 
be cured, it can at least be alleviated. 

Come then, ye disconsolate consumptive ; come, thou 
wheezing, sneezing victim of hay fever ; come, all ye weary 
and heavy laden, ye who seek health, rest or pleasure ; come 
and fill your lungs with ozone ; come and promenade on the 
broad Boardwalk, planted within reach of the sea ; come and 
take a mid-winter sun-bask ; come while ye may ; come ?iow. 
Take no heed of the chronic fault-fmder who may be here, 
enjoying to the full all the benefits and advantages of Atlantic 
City, and who still carps and grumbles because the town, 
perhaps, lacks a few pretty curves and graces. 




A Morning Promenade in Mid-Winter. 
lo 




o 
"i— 



Rummer ^cati^cv 'ncatl) l^mtcr ^fitCiS. 




HE fame of Atlantic City is grounded not alone upon 
those qualities which give it prominence as a sum- 
mer resort. It is a great seaside city, where, 
throughout the year, people from every State crowd 
its hotels and lounge on its famous beach. In summer time 
the visiting population exceeds one hundred thousand. It is a 
great democratic crowd, good-natured, rollicking and happy, 
bent on the pursuit of amusement and enjoying the quest with 
unalloyed pleasure. The witching charms of autumn sea and 
sky hold many a summer visitor, even until the ides of Novem- 
ber. Indeed, not a few linger until December, and ere the 
holiday festivities are fairly over at home, the first company of 
winter visitors has arrived, harbingers of that larger company 
whose appearance marks the advent of February. Excepting 
an occasional " nor'easter," which is a treat in itself, by way 
of contrast, the weather at this season is usually all that one 
could desire. The winter and spring or Lenten season is the 
swellest of the year. The resort then becomes the abode of 
a distinguished company who seek to escape the rigor of 
northern climes. The great hotels, which remain open through- 
out the year, are filled in the earlier months by the best repre- 
sentatives of society from the East, the West, the North and 
the South. There are days in February and March suggestive 
of May and June in cities farther north or remote from the sea. 
Indeed, the visitor is sometimes wont to say, " Truly this is 
summer weather 'neath winter skies." 

In point of accessibility, Atlantic City possesses advantages 
unequaled by any other resort on the coast. With Philadel- 
phia and all the railroads centering there, it is connected by 
numerous through trains, while with New York and the East 
there is ample communication by through trains, which make 
the run from New York to Atlantic City in but little more than 
three hours. 



tEI^onic for 31^^^l^^S( The air here is so dry and mild, as a 
anD ConMc0CnTt0» ^^^^^ ^^^^ convalescents who are able 
to be about may enjoy at least a brief 
walk on the famous Boardwalk, even in winter. Then again 
there are miles of drives, either upon the hard, smooth beach, 
the finely paved streets of the city, the Speedway down the 
beach, or across the meadows to the grounds of the Country 
Club on the mainland. 

Visitors from all parts of the country have found in the 
equable climate and invigorating air of Atlantic City their 
only means of restoration to health. Hundreds and thousands 
who have been thus benefited will bear willing testimony to 
the tonic effects of its bracing atmosphere. Confirmed inva- 
lids are often materially benefited, and existences that would 
be utterly miserable at home are here made not only tolerable, 
but enjoyable. 




Hi 
ill 

III 




A Relic of the Revolution — Cabin ot General Doughty, on 
the Mainland. 



Lenten anD pojst Lenten l^ajstimeg* 




N mid-winter, when the majority of the guests are 
invalids, any but the mildest forms of dissipation 
are out of the question, but during Lent, when the 
more extravagant gayeties of the rest of the world 
are temporarily suspended, Atlantic City becomes the scene 
of genuine fun and frolic. 

Upon the advent of Lent some good-natured married lady, 
of unimpeachable social standing, in one of the larger cities, 
organizes a party of a dozen or more young people, and chap- 
erons them to Atlantic City. They come for ten days, often 
staying longer, and while they are here the heretofore quiet 
halls ring with the sounds of their music, dancing and merry 
laughter. The more sober-minded invalids gaze with a mild 
surprise, not unmixed with pleasure, at these jolly parties, and 
by force of example are inclined to forget their ailments. 

Equestrianism is an every-day recreation during the Lenten 
season. The brisk sea breezes, which sing and whistle around 
the cottage gables and through the bare branches of the trees, 
inspire the visitors with longings for the vigorous exercise of 
long walks and horseback rides. From these they return with 
such glowing cheeks, sparkling eyes and keen appetites that 
the mere sight of them is a better advertisement of Atlantic 
City air as a tonic, t'han all the hand-books that might be 
written. 

There is never any dearth of amusement for those who 
pass any portion of the fashionable spring season in Atlantic 
City. The opportunities for enjoyment at the Casino are 
varied, and include private theatricals, readings, musicales, 
orchestral and other entertainments. The visitors, of course, 
are the elite of other cities, refugees from the demands of 
social life, drawing new vigor from the pure air, and pleasure 
seekers whiling away their time 'neath the bright skies of this 
new-born rival to Southern Europe. 

13 



Contjenient tlounging The ocean parlors and pavilions are 
]3lact0 for ^IL convenient lounging places, when 

one is not inclined to sit on the sand 
and take a sun-bask. Here he may behold the many strange 
and beautiful aspects of the sea. Sometimes it is as calm and 
placid as a lake, with only a line of breakers laving the shore. 
On another day it reflects all the delicate hues of the setting 
sun. Then again, under a serene sky, it is beautifully blue, 
while under heavy clouds it assumes the sombre green. When 
the wind prevails it heaves in heavy swells and dashes its 
breakers furiously on the gently shelving beach, sending up a 
roar like that of thunder. So, day by day, one may watch 
the changed and ever-changing conditions of the sea ; or, if 
not so inclined; whatever may be his tastes, he can find in the 
wonderful resources of the town an inexhaustible means for 
their gratification. 




Central M. E. Church. 



14 



am erica' js fEccca of Coimjstsi. 




OURISTS who have visited all parts of the civilized 
world, men whose word we cannot doubt, and 
women whose judgment we cannot question, have 
declared that nowhere is there a resort combining so 
many points of excellence as Atlantic City. Already 
it is the Mecca of a considerable number of tourists from coun- 
tries beyond the Atlantic, as well as from states bordering on 
the Pacific ; and the time is not far distant when many Euro- 
peans, who have been in the habit of passing a portion of the 
year at some over-rated resort on the Mediterranean, will cross 
the expanse of ocean and spend a month or more in Atlantic 
City, whose climate combines the bracing qualities of Brighton 
and Malaga with the sedative virtues of Rome and Venice; 
and within whose bounds might be placed the Frenchman's 
highly-prized Trouville and his picturesque and fashionable 
Etreta without making any appreciable difference in appear- 
ance or conditions. 

The visitor here, whether from Europe or the most distant 
parts of the United States, is charmed by the beauty of the 
town and the grandeur of the sea. The bright sunshine 
bronzes the cheeks and aids the bracing breezes to vivify the 
frame, while the paved avenues and magnificent strand afford 
ample opportunity to all who wish to indulge in equestrian 
pleasures. The facilities for sailing are unsurpassed, and 
yachts go bounding seaward or glide across the bays and 
estuaries with a speed that is truly entrancing. Here, also, is 
the perfection of fishing, whereof more is said under the caption 
of " Hook and Line." 

All the benefits that can be expected of a sea voyage are 
obtained by a residence in Atlantic City, with the added 
comforts and luxuries of a metropolis and the freedom of fast 
land. In his "Literary Recollections" Thomas Hood says: 
** Next to being born a citizen of the world, it must be the best 
thing to be born a citizen of the world's greatest city." This 
is stating only half a truth. In this country, next to his home, 
here in Atlantic City best may he abide, to rest and cheer him 
by the flowing tide. 

15 



Agreeable Climate anU The idea that Atlantic City is a 
Congntial i?nrnD0* "^^re lounging place for the summer 

idler was long since abandoned. It 
is an all-the-year-round resort, where one can always fmd an 
agreeable climate, congenial friends and almost anything to 
engage his attention or excite his interest. It is without a 
rival in America in the matter of hotel accommodations, suited 
to the tastes and the means of every class of people. There 
are elaborate hotels, equipped with all modern appliances and 
kept in the best manner ; less pretentious houses, well-kept 
and comfortably equipped cottages, villas with classic names 
and an indefinite number of boarding houses. 




==1© 



^ 




#^% 



ii ^ 



Home of the " Atlantis Club," Illinois Avenue. 



i6 



glimmer ©a^si l^csiitit t])t ^ta. 




HEN spring unlocks the flowers to paint the laughing 
soil, when hath passed that period of transition from 
the austere glory of winter to the roseate weather 
of June, then it is that one's thoughts revert, 
with fond remembrance, to the delightful scenes, the cool and 
invigorating breezes and the joyous pastimes of Atlantic 
City, whose summer day is more than a mere creation of 
the fancy. 

The oft-quoted words of George Herbert, the sweet singer 
of Cherbury — "Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright," are 
almost meaningless to those who know summer only from the 
high temperatures, the glaring sun and the hot, parching winds 
that are its distinguishing characteristics in no inconsiderable 
portion of the United State^^. 

The ideal summer presupposes climatic conditions that 
make physical life, from the highest to the lowest, a perpetual 
delight and rejoicing ; and if there is any place more favored 
than another in that regard, it must surely be a matter of 
concern to the toiling millions to know where it may be 
found. 

But, apart from the mere pursuit of pleasure, the mere 
seeking after enjoyment, and that love of change for its own 
sake that is inherent in every son of Adam, there is, happily, 
in this busy, restless age, a just recognition of the importance 
of relaxing the extreme tension of business and endeavoring to 
repair the terrible waste of vital force. We are, however, with 
our pleasures very much what we are in our business, except 
that while we may not always make a pleasure of our business, 
we certainly make a business of our pleasure, seeking to obtain, 
with the least outlay, the largest possible results. 

17 



01033^ from t\)t f^tUt The accessibility of a summer resort 

anti J^urllvllBurlvn ^^' ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^' ^ matter of impor- 
tance, second only to the paramount 
consideration of health and pleasure ; and herein lies the secret 
of Atlantic City's wonderful growth and popularity. 

The solid character of its patrons from the better elements 
of society, the quiet home-like aspect of the place, the natural 
scenery and charms peculiar to itself conspire to make Atlantic 
City the very ideal of a summer resort. Art and design have 
added to its attractions, beautifying it with broad avenues, 
walks bordered with trees, and with gardens whose fragrance 
unites with the cool breeze of the ocean to delight and refresh 
those who, turning from the heat and hurly-burly of the city, 
seek the charm and change of seashore life. 




Easter Sunday, iqoo. 



i8 



TStant^ on ti^t l3oarDtoalfi» 




TLANTIC CITY invented the Boardwalk, and 
while other resorts have been content to tamely 
copy, she has lengthened and strengthened, rebuilt 
and renewed, until the present structure, erected in 



1896, and extended in 1897-98-99, is forty feet wide, twelve 
feet high, over three miles long, and cost the city $170,000. 
It has no equal in the world. 

The life, the light and the color that one sees on this prom- 
enade during the early evening hours are indescribable. 

It is an endless dress parade, a grand review, in which 
everybody is one of the reviewers, as well as one of the 
reviewed. The animation, the overflowing good nature, the 
laughter and contagious hilarity of this restless throng are irre- 
sistible. The lights from the scores of bazaars, the buoyant 
merriment of the children, the soft, melting colors of the sum- 
mer dresses of the women, the grace and freshened loveliness 
of the women themselves, the dizzy whirl of the merry-go- 
round, and the thousand and one little scraps of life and tone 
that line the thoroughfare, all blend in a picture that is war- 
ranted to banquet the eye and rest the mind of any one who 
is not utterly lost to every sense of enjoyment. 

Nowhere in the world is there such a kaleidoscope of 
beauty, such a panorama of wonders, as one sees on this 
great ocean promenade. An annual visitor said : " 1 have 
been to every prominent seaside resort and spa in Europe, and 
I know whereof I speak when I say that nowhere is there a 
resort that can in any way approach Atlantic City. In addi- 
tion to the unusual opportunities for enjoyment, it is unques- 
tionably the healthiest place in America." 

19 



pleading panorama From the balcony of the lighthouse, 
of ^Ca anlD tlantl* ^^^^^ ^^^^ eastern end of the prom- 
enade, a grand panorama of sea and 
land is presented. Looking north and east, across the ex- 
tended miles of salt marshes, with their winding bays and 
estuaries, one sees the pretty buildings and the fertile farms 
of the mainland. Westward is the beautiful city, with its 
splendid hotels and extensive boarding-houses, its hundreds of 
private cottages, and the long line of shade trees skirting the 
sidewalks ; while beyond, to the east and south, is the great 
ocean, reaching far out into the distant horizon. 

The ocean piers usually offer some sort of entertainment 
aside from the ordinary Boardwalk diversions. Indeed, it is 
impossible to pass a dull day or evening in Atlantic City, and 
yet if one does not care for the sprightlier pleasures, he may 
be as quiet as he please, and fmd delight in meeting and chat- 
ting with friends on the promenade, or listening idly to the 
thunderous monotone of the blue, unresting sea. 




Observing the Dress Parade. 

20 



^^^-^ 



■-»«— -:T— 5^!f!5;;r 










♦ ! 



^^ 



•:ili 



CQ 




pitamtt^ of tl^c f&latsiance. 




HE Plaisance of Atlantic City is the Boardwalk, but, 
in winter time, on pleasant days, and in summer, 
when the Boardwalk is literally full of humanity, so 
S full, indeed, that the crowd surges over on the side, 
then it is that the Strand, either from choice or necessity, 
becomes an equally popular promenade. Up on the Boardwalk 
or down on the. Strand the visitor may pass many delightful, 
dreamy hours. 

The long stretch of sandy beach and the roar of the surf 
may be uninteresting to some upon a gloomy day, but when 
the sun is shining all dreariness disappears, the ocean sparkles 
like a huge diamond, and groups of people wander along the 
Strand or scoop out convenient hollows, in which they lie for 
hours, enjoying the warm sun-bath and inhaling ozone at 
every breath. Bevies of girls, dressed in dainty costumes, 
are scattered about on the sand, and ripples of laughter come 
to one's ears from every side. Far out upon the horizon a 
faint trace of smoke may be seen ascending from a passing 
steamer, while above the horizon and sometimes just beyond 
the surf the white wings of swift-sailing yachts or other craft 
lend a charm and a motion to the scene. Nothing could add 
to the quiet beauty of this scene or heighten the pleasure of 
those for whom it is created. 

From morning until evening the beach is a perfect paradise 
for children. The youngsters take to digging in the sand and 
paddling in the water by natural instinct, having unlimited 
opportunities for both. Every day they throw up fortifications, 
build mounds and excavate subterranean caverns, and every 
night the tide washes away all of their labor and leaves a soft, 
smooth surface for another day's toil. 



ItDopularitV' of t\)t The pleasures of the surf bath bring 
§)urf 115atll» multitudes to Atlantic City during the 

summer months, and bathing here attains 
a popularity unknown to more northern resorts, the near 
approach of the Gulf Stream to this point increasing the 
temperature of the water to a delightful degree, and taking 
from it the bitter chill from which so many would-be bathers 
shrink. At the fashionable hours of bathing, from eleven to 
one, the beach is crowded with thousands of merry bathers, 
whose shouts and laughter mingle with the roar of the surf, 
while the Strand and Boardwalk are lined with interested 
spectators and promenaders. The scene at this time is as 
animated as the streets of a continental city on a fete day. 



^^m^ 




An April Sunday on the Boardwalk. 



22 



^lavgrounti of tl)c Countri?. 




TLANTIC CITY is the nation's health resort, its 
pleasure spot, its playground. Congress may re- 
solve and newspaper correspondents may with 
hasty pen declare that this or that spot, distin- 
guished by some local phenomena, shall be known as a 
national park, but neither formal resolution nor the verdict of 
casual writers can change the geography of the country, the 
facts of nature, nor the verdict of the people. The public has 
declared, with an emphasis that cannot be misunderstood, that 
Atlantic City, though not exactly a park, is the Playground of 
the Country. 

This resort long since learned how best to provide for the 
summer and winter visitors, and it is now the business of the 
place to set forth its attractions, which are all in the direction 
of making one's stay delightful. Hard to amuse, indeed, 
would be the visitor who could not fmd some congenial diver- 
sion ever close at hand on this interesting island. There is 
some sort of diversion at every hour of the day, every day in 
the week, and for those who prefer to do just nothing at all 
there is always the sublime panorama of sky and sea spread 
out in perennial magnitude before the most listless eye. 

For the man or woman who is brain weary, and breaking 
down under the weight of business, professional, social or 
domestic cares, there is no better restorative than a season of 
rest and recreation at Atlantic City. With increased bodil}' 
vigor, incident to a stay here, comes the gentle ministrations 
of tired nature's sweet restorer. Many who have been troub- 
led with insomnia find in a change to this climate the soothing 
balm that 

" Upon the high and giddy mast 
Seals up the ship-boy's eyes and rocks his brains 
In cradle of the rude, imperious surge." 

2\ 



|Bure 2iit W^^^t^ Persons who could scarcely walk at 
(Dut t\)t ilung^, ^o"^^' ^^^^^ coming here, stroll long 
distances on the Strand or Boardwalk, 
with only a cheerful sense of weariness that is soon succeeded 
by a sharpened appetite, the reward of agreeable exercise. 
Few, indeed, who visit Atlantic City fail to experience a 
marked improvement in appetite, while to many there comes 
such a feeling of drowsiness that the most exciting story fails 
to keep them awake. This is a sure sign that the nerves are 
being well rested. 

The exercise that one gets here is a tonic in itself. The 
pure air brightens, rests and strengthens the eyes, purifies the 
blood, washes out the lungs, flushes the air-passages of the 
nose and ears, quickens the sluggish circulation, strengthens 
the weak digestion, brightens the complexion and resists the 
progress of disease. In the flood of ozone off the sea all poison 
is driven out of the system. 




« ^* 




A Snap Shot. 



24 



4i 



K 




"bJD 

c 

O 



TStac)) BiDtiS^ gacl^ting auD dSimninij* 




jTLANTIC CITY is so situated that nature provides 
a constant round of summer pleasures. The sea, 
of course, is an endless source of delight. Even 
those who do not bathe find a pleasure in sitting 



under the big umbrellas and canvass-covered chairs on the 
beach, and watching the antics of those who are tumbling in 
the surf. Yachting is another delightful pastime. There isn't 
a safer, speedier or more comfortable fleet of fishing and sail- 
ing boats on the seaboard than Atlantic City's squadron, found 
at the picturesque inlet harbor, with its breezy houses of 
refreshment by the docks. 

Those who prefer steam to sails can be accommodated, and 
the few whose stomachs dread the heaving billows may eschew 
both and sit and watch the fleet of gaily-decked boats dancing 
in the distance, their blood meanwhile tingling with the ozone 
blown from the sea, or the commoner kind which some en- 
deavor to suck through a straw. 

The island is ten miles long and the two extremes are 
united by an electric railway, which is an unfailing source of 
pleasure to a countless number of visitors. The greater por- 
tion of the route is within sight of the sea and almost at the 
water's edge. In some places one may see the original for- 
mation of the island. There are woods and pleasant retreats 
among the sand-hills, shaded by umbrella-shaped trees, which 
have withstood the storms of many years. To those who 
love nature and who hold communion with her visible forms, 
a day of pleasure is promised in exploring these ancient sand- 
hills and sylvan retreats. 

If the visitor is a sportsman, he will scent the delirium 
of pursuit in the spray of the billows. With gun and rod, 
either or both, one is sure of a great day's sport under the 
guidance of the veteran yachtsmen at the inlet. The succes- 
sion of game fowl which visits the adjacent beaches, each in 
its own season, is surprisingly varied ; snipe, plover, marlin, 
willet, yellow legs, marsh hens, black duck, mallard and teal 
follow each other, often in such numbers as to provoke the 
city sportsman to the highest pitch of enthusiasm. 

25 



2r>0iDU t\)t W>tUtl) The trip down the beach is a most de- 
bt' a^00nligl)t* Hghtful one, either by day or night, and 
to afford a view of the ocean by moon- 
light at least one night train is usually run throughout the 
year. This train is in great favor with the young people. It 
passes Sea View ; Ventnor, a quiet place with a fine hotel ; 
St. Leonard ; Oberon and South Atlantic City, celebrated for 
its sacred white elephant, which is the largest white elephant 
in the world. A mile and a half farther down the beach is 
Longport, where sailing craft or steam pleasure-boats convey 
passengers across the finest sheet of inland water in the State, 
to Ocean City or Somers' Point. 



i^mmmmmmi^ 



I 







26 




A Business Block on Atlantic Avenue — Residence on Pacific Avenue- 
Pennsylvania Avenue corner of Pacific. 



i^oofi anD Line* 




ERHAPS there are in this world souls so sordid that 
they never can rise to the height of enthusiasm 
over that enticing pastime, fishing. It may be a 
matter of early training or education — this love of 
angling — since the man whose boyhood was passed in the 
country is usually an expert fisherman, and he remembers 
with pride and pleasure his first fishing outfit. He'd a horse- 
hair line and an elder stick, with bended pin for a hook, and 
he fished till noon in the shaded creek, with an angleworm for 
bait. At the very first nibble, when the cork went under, the 
rod was thrown swiftly over his head, and the fish, breaking 
away from the unbarbed hook, went flying through the air, and 
landed back in the woods, perhaps fifty feet from the edge of 
the creek. A pretty sight it was, too, that perch or sun-fish, 
with its silvery sides dappled with gold. Then it was strung 
by the gills on a crotched stick, and, with three or four others, 
was carried home in triumph. 

Ah ! lives there a man with soul so dead that he cannot 
cherish, with fond recollection, the joy of those youthful 
sports ? a memory so weak that it cannot recall the long-gone 
days of boyhood pleasures in the country — days of wishing 
and of fishing, when he listened to the voice of the rivulet 
and the language of the winds and woods ? The roar of the 
ocean was an unknown song in that distant country home, 
but to him the green aisles of the forest were more than a 
poetic fiction. 

In Atlantic City there are no scenes, no pastimes, like 
those incident to boyhood life in the country. There are no 
dank grottoes, vine-trellised and luxuriant, with perhaps only 
a ray of sunlight bursting through the fretted vault of green ; 
no vistas of glory like those found in hilly and mountainous 
places ; but, brother anglers, on the veracity of thousands of 
the fraternity, we assure you that you will find congenial 
spirits here, and as fine a lot of liars ( fish liars, of course) as 
can be found in the United States— barring, perhaps, the State 
of Maine. 

27 



0. ilanU^tLocfefD True, there are no fresh-water trout here, 
W^ttt PrC0fr^r» ^^^ ^^ have weak-fish, sea bass, flounders, 
blue fish, sheepshead and other fish, as 
good as, yes, better than those which navigate the mountain 
streams, as active and as gamy as any fish you ever saw. 
The bays and thoroughfares are a vast water preserve, with 
Nature for their keeper. From Grassy Bay and Little Egg 
Harbor on the north to Scull's Bay and Great Egg Harbor on 
the south, from the wreck of the " Cassandra " to the wreck 
of the "Diverty," fish of large size are found in abundance. 
The creeks and sounds teem with millions of the finny tribe at 
certain seasons of the year, and it is here, also, where agile 
oysters, mild, serene, on beds of moss recline ; where soft- 
shell crabs live pinchingly, and pearly sheen of hake and 
flounder wins the flies. 




28 




O '" 
O w 

^ b/j 

c 

b/j 



place of perennial pieagiure* 



|N the charms of novelty and ever-shifting variety, 
Atlantic City surpasses the most celebrated of Euro- 
pean resorts. Surrounded on all sides by the waters 
of the ocean and blessed with a climate of rare 
equability, its physical advantages are superb. Seaward the 
waste of waters stretches almost three thousand miles, kissing 
the shores of another hemisphere ; while landward is a wide 
estuary as smooth as a mountain lake, and beyond that an 
expanse of salt meadows, reaching out to meet the pine forests, 
whose breezes mingle with Neptune's briny breath. 

The geological peculiarities of the island are one of the 
agents that contribute to its remarkable healthfulness. There 
is no indigenous or spontaneous vegetation on the island. 
The only growths are the arboreal embellishments of the ave- 
nues and lawns — sylvan contributions from the forests and 
fields of the mainland. No stagnant pools or sloughs disfigure 
the facial lineaments of the island, and there is no malarial or 
miasmatic emanation to offend the senses or affect its perfect 
hygiene. Indeed, it is believed by many scientists that the 
air of Atlantic City is ''hostile to physical debility." 

All other attractions, of course, are secondary or subservi- 
ent to the charms of the sea, whose sunny waters break upon 
the strand and whose keen breezes drive all burdens from the 
heart, all weary thoughts away. The famous promenade, 
which follows the contour of the beach, is wide enough to 
accommodate 100,000 visitors, without crowding or discomfort. 
Here, at eventide, the city pours its countless thousands out, 
and a great procession marches and countermarches the entire 
length of the four-mile promenade, under the brilliant glare of 
the electric lights, lighted the year round, and the strains of 
music from the numerous places of amusement that line the 
landward side. 

29 



3f|0^ ant) pleasure ^tjrougl) The current of humanity on 
tl)e artDelt3e.-£ponti)0* ^^^ Boardwalk moves con- 

stantly on, the rule of the 
road — keep to the right — being strictly observed. As a study 
of some of the most unique phases of human character, a stroll 
along this crowded thoroughfare in spring or summer is worth 
a year of ordinary life. 

Year after year this commingling of the young and the old, 
the high and the low, the rich and the poor, the grave and the 
gay, goes on in Atlantic City ; and so until the end of time, 
generation after generation, the charmed voice of the sea will 
draw man to its sands and to its surf. From the plains of the 
South, from the wide expanse of the West, from the bleak, 
gray rim of the North, men, women and children will come and 
go, girdling our coast with joy and pleasure through the twelve- 
months. 




Perhaps You Know Them. 
30 



Wl}tvtin Atlantic Citi? cBrccliS* 




FEW of the advantages of Atlantic City over other 
resorts may be thus stated : 

There are excellent schools and churches, good 
society, good order, good government, good drainage, 
good water and good living. 

The underground sewage system has worked so successfully 
that Atlantic City is admitted to be the only properly drained 
resort on the coast. The waves that beat on the beach here 
are not required to act as scavengers for the city. The surf is 
absolutely free from refuse or defilement of any kind. 

The water supply from artesian wells, some of them looo 
feet deep, and from natural springs on the mainland, is inex- 
haustible. There is no purer or clearer water anywhere in 
America. This is conceded by scientists and recognized by 
thousands of critical visitors. 

For the promenader, a broad Boardwalk, without equal in 
the world, is built along the entire ocean front of the city, forty 
feet wide and over three miles long. It is at all times a 
centre of attraction and thousands of visitors from every 
corner of the United States there enjoy the delicious exhil- 
aration of the vitalizing ozone off the sea. 

There is an absence of formality, the bane of European 
resorts, that renders a sojourn in Atlantic City refreshing as 
well as fashionable. 

The city is admirably lighted with electricity. The authori- 
ties spend nearly $40,000 a year for lighting. The ocean 
promenade and all the principal avenues are lit with brilliant 
electric lights the year round. 

Notwithstanding the fact that hundreds of thousands of 
people visit the city annually, many of them afflicted with 
severe illness, statistics are not wanting to show that Atlantic 
City's death-rate is almost the lowest in the country. The 
national mortuary table averages the deaths among the resi- 
dent population at 12.05 to the 1000, or second only to one 
other place in the country. 

31 



epilogue. 



King Lear - 

" May be he is not well ; 
Infirmity doth still neglect all office, 
Whereto our health is bound." 

— Shakspeare. 



Pilgrim.— Not well, my lord? Methinks thou knowest not what 
the matter is. Send thou and tell him I would speak with him. 

King. — Nay! I will not command his presence, seeing he doth yet 
suffer. We are not ourselves when nature, being oppressed, commands 
the mind to suffer with the body. But what is this thou revealest? 
What kind offices hast thou for the indisposed and sickly? 

Pilgrim.— 'Tis this, my lord. These many summers have 1 wan- 
toned with the breakers at Atlantic City, and there, also, on many a win- 
ter day, have I found delightful outing by the sea and much ease in mine 
inn. There, my lord, once 1 sat upon a pier and heard a mermaid, on a 
dolphin's back, uttering such dulcet and harmonious breath that the rude 
sea grew civil at her song. At this place, whereof much praise hath been 
spoken by most learned men, in winter time, ere yet the inns at other 
places have their portals opened, I durst lay my hand upon the Ocean's 
mane and play familiar with his hoary locks. 

King. — 1 perceive, pilgrim, that thou art no fool, nor art thou abste- 
mious of pleasure, seeing that thy countenance is round and good-natured 
and that thy nose doth already wear the livery of good living. This 
word of thine persuades me that it behooves us all to go and linger yet a 
while at thy fair city which thou callest Atlantic City. Give me my serv- 
ant forth ! Nay ! go thou thyself and summon up the retinue. Command 
them to attend'to-morrow at nine, for at that hour we go to this place of 
rest and pleasure ; and so may this be our custom hereafter. Resolve, 
also, with all modest haste, whichsoever way thou mayest please, that 
this be our usage thrice every twelvemonth. Write it down and post it by 
every path we tread, and let it shine with such a lustre that he who runs 
may read. 



32 



p 




PART II 



Indian Stories and Traditions — Tales of the Olden Time- 
Settlement of Eyre Haxen — Atlantic County 
Reminiscences — Origin and History 
of Atlantic City. 



(33) 



INTRODUCTOI^q. 




ODWIN'S once-famous story of " Caleb Williams" is said to 
have been written backwards. That is, the hero was first in- 
volved in a web of difficulties, forming the second volume ; 
and then, for the first, the author cast about for some mode of 
accounting for what was already done. 

In like manner, this Histo'ry and Hand-Book has been 
written backwards. In the first part is presented an Imperfect pen picture 
of Atlantic City, "Queen of the Coast," within whose bounds are cen- 
tralized all the forces and features necessary for a complete health and 
pleasure resort. In the second part is an account of the beginning of 
seaside pleasures, when the aborigines made periodical visits to the sea- 
shore, eating enormous quantities of baked shell-fish (soquanock and 
sickissuog), making belts of poquanhock and luckahouk, bathing in the 
surf, and making merry in other ways. 

After the Indians came the first settlers, with their old-time diversions. 
Then came the generations of revolutionary and post-revolutionary times. 
In those days, at the seashore, it has been said, when men 
Old-Time went fishing in the morning, they rolled up their trousers to 
Diversions, the knees; when they "dressed for dinner," they simply 
rolled them down again. By degrees the methods of sea- 
shore recreation have changed. The sea laves the beach the same as 
of yore, but modern ways have made surf bathing a luxurv, instead of 
a penance; and there are just as good fish in the sea now as there were 
then, but they are caught with less trouble— some with a silver hook. 

What co'uld have been more perfect than the conception of this great 
seaside resort? Its founders prophesied that it would stand pre-eminent 
among its kind, and looking at it to-day, as described in the first part of 
this Hand-Book, who will deny its pre-eminence? Undoubtedly, Atlantic 
City is " Queen of the Coast." 

•d d d 

In issuing this souvenir edition of the Hand-Book, I shall offer no 

excuse, other than this : the demand has been made and the field is open 

for a work of this character— historical and descriptive— com- 

Labor of memorating the closing and signalizing the opening centurv. 

Love. Nothing in the nature of a reliable historv and sketch-book of 

Atlantic County has been heretofore attempted, and I have 

therefore prepared these desultory chapters, hoping that thev will merit the 

perusal of all into whose hands a copy of the book mav chance to fall. I 

need scarcely add that their preparation has been entirely a labor of love. 

It is not presumed that the book is faultless, but to approximate a 
degree of completeness has been my endeavor. The historical chapters 
will answer the end for which they were written, if thev but awaken in the 
people of Atlantic County an interest in the oft-neglected subject of local 
history, to the study of which pride and patriotism should alike impel us. 

True knowledge, like true charity, should begin at home, and he who 
fails to study the history of the locality wherein he lives commences the 

135) 



36 Heston' s Hand-Rook. 

fabric of his education at the summit, instead of at the base; wherefore, 
should these chapters direct any native or adopted son of ancient Absegami 
to the path of TRUE knowledge, the author's labors will have been abun- 
dantly requited. 

d d d 

In a work of this size and character, it would be impossible to embody 
a complete history in one volume ; hence, to preserve the annual feature of 
the Hand-Book and at the same time to offer a history that is reasonably 
compact and complete, 1 have deemed it wise to publish only a few of the 
historical chapters in this volume, reserving the rest for later editions of the 
Hand-Book. 

It is hoped, and I now make the suggestion to the future Mayor, City 
Council and other officials, that the year ic)04 be made a jubilee year, com'- 
memorative of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Atlantic 
Year of City. One or two months in that year may well be given over 
Jubilee, to festivity, including a week of carnival — possibly a " Carnival 
of Atlantis," similar to that which was proposed for the year 
igco. To perfect and direct this proposed semi-centennial, there should be 
a committee of fifty representative citizens — one for each year of history — 
appointed by the Mayor a year or so in advance of the festival. Doubt- 
less, this committee, in the fertility of its resources, will show to the country 
and to the world that in push, progress and popularity Atlantic City has 
no peer. 

Succeeding editions of the Hand-Book will contain chapters on the 
history of the county and growth of the city, the whole to be united in one 
grand souvenir edition, published in the year of Jubilee, 1904. 

A. M. H. 

ATLANTIC City, July i, igco. 




^^^m^ 

i'>/ ' 



\ r: i 



'Tis the pearly shell, 
That murmurs of the far-off murmuring- sea ; 
A precious jewel, carved most curiously— 
It is a little picture painted well. 

— R. W. Gilder. 



DQ 







f© 



Indian Stories and Traditions. 

Circa 500 to Circa 1500, A. D. 

AR back in the annals of time, ere the foot of white man had 
trod the soil of Scheyichbi, the region of country east of the 
Lenape-Whittuck was a paradise for the Indians. Here the 
untutored child of the forest flourished in his glory ; here, un- 
molested, he wooed his mate beneath the greenwood boughs 
and traversed the forests at will in quest of game. 
Living in the country of Scheyichbi, the inhabitants were of course 
Scheyichbians. In our time those living in the same country are called 
Jerseymen. The Scheyichbians belonged to a nation of 
A Tribe of Indians called Lenni-Lenape, meaning original people, but 
Manly Men. the very name suggests a falsehood. There are witnesses 
in the stones to the probable existence of an entirely different 
people anterior to the Lenapes. The Scheyichbians may have been the 
descendants of those Chinese navigators who are said to have penetrated 
the forests of North America in the year 4:58 A. D.-^ 

The tradition of the Lenni-Lenapes was that the name meant "Original Men." 
As the central, largest and at one time the stronjjest division of the Algonquin race of 
Indians, which comprised all the Eastern tribes, they assumed, and for a long time held, the 
leadership among the Atlantic coast tribes. Orthographical research in the Indian lan- 
guage, however, indicates that the original meaning of the name was "manly men," the 
race name for man being " lenape," and " lenni " being another form of " illini," as seen in 
"Illinois." Other traditions indicate that the tribe was once located west of the Missis- 
sippi, whence it migrated eastward to the valleys of the Susquehanna and Delaware. 

The " histories" of these so called original people consisted entirely of 

stories handed down through the centuries, from generation to generation, 

until they finally reached the Indians who were in possession 

Illoslons of of the country when the white man came among them. The 

History. red man's history, therefore, was simply his-story.t 

A missionary'^and scribe (Rev. John Heckwelder) has given 
us some account of what the Indians believed concerning their origin. They 
assured him that their earliest ancestors were animals and that they lived 
in caves under the earth. One of their number discovered a hole, through 
which he climbed, and once upon the surface he found the air and country 
so delightful that he hastened back to tell the other animals. They came 
forth from their subterranean highways and by-ways, and beheld, indeed, 
a country that was very fair to look upon ; an Island beside the sea, it may 



* M. de Guignes, 1753 ; Smith, p. 13, 1765 

t One of the greatest men of Europe once said that history is a combination of lies, 
which men agree to call truth. Few of us will ever know exactly the extent of the legends, 
the myths and the falsehoods which have been incorporated into history. When we think 
of the histories of our wars and the biographies of our heroes, we can truly appreciate the 
cynicism of Frederick the Great, who, desiring his secretary to read history to him, said, 
" Bring down from the shelves one of my liars." In days of old there were liistorians who 
avowedly wrote as they were bribed. It was said of Paolo Giovio that he kept a bank of 
lies. To those who paid him liberally he assigned a noble pedigree and illustrious deeds ; 
those who gave nothing he vilified and blackened. Who is not familiar with the despair- 
ing exclamation of Sir Walter Raleigh, on vainlv trying to get at the facts of a quarrel 
which he had witnessed in the courtyard of the Tower, in which he was imprisoned. Two 
gentlemen had entered the room and given him contlicting. and, as he thought, untrue 
accounts of the brawl. "Here am I." he cried, " employed in writing a history of the 
world— trying to give a just account of transactions many of which occurred three thousand 
years ago— when I cannot ascertain the truth of what happens under my window." 

(37) 



38 Heston s Hand-Book. 

be, with the wine of life in its pleasant air. The effect was marvelous, for 
straightway they saw that they were no longer animals, but men and 
women. Two of the animals, however, the ground-hog and the rabbit, 
refused to leave their underground homes when bidden, and consequently 
they remained unchanged ; wherefore, some of the tribes of Scheyichbi 
would not eat of these animals, lest they be accused of eating their own 
family relations ! 

MYTHS OF PRIMITIVE AMERICANS. 

Described briefly, and by an Indian, the American myth system is as follows: There 
was a world before this one in which we are living at present; that was the world of the 
first people, who were different from us altogether. Those people were very numerous, so 
numerous that if a count could be made of all the stars in the sky, all the feathers on 
birds, all the hairs and furs on animals, all the hairs of our own heads^ they would not be so 
numerous as the first people. 

These people lived very long in peace, in concord, in harmony, in happiness. No 
man knows, no man can tell, how long they lived in that way. At last the minds of alt 
except a very small number were changed; they fell into conflict— one offended another 
consciously and unconsciously, one injured anotfier with or without intention, one wanted 
some special thing, another wanted that very thing also. Conflict set in, and because of 
this came a time of activity and struggle, to which there was no end or stop, till the great 
majority of the first people— that is, all except a small number— were turned into the various 
kinds of living creatures that are on earth now or have ever been on earth, except man — 
that is, all kinds of beasts, birds, reptiles, fish, worms, and insects, as well as trees, plants, 
grass and rocks, and some mountains ; they were turned into everything that we see on 
the earth or in the sky. 

That small number of the former people who did not quarrel, those great first people 
of the old time who remained of one mind and harmonious, left the earth, sailed away west- 
ward, passed that line where the sky comes down to the earth, and sailed to places beyond. 

Jeremiah Curtin, in his work on " Creation Myths of Primitive Americans," published 
in 1899, gives us the result of close personal communication with the American Indian in 
the nineteenth century. Mr. Curtin considers that "the treasure saved to science by the 
primitive race of America is unique in value and significance." Among the more note- 
worthy of the myths is "Olelbis," containing an account of the creation of the heavenly 
house in the Central Blue, the highest point in the sky above us. In this myth is described 
the great World Fire which was extinguished by a flood ; and next a reconstruction of the 
race in the form now existing. 

d d d 

William Nelson, an authority on Indian history, says the Lenapes had 

their origin in the neighborhood of Hudson's Bay, and began migrating 

southward probably three or four thousand years before the Christian era. 

This statement is based partly upon their traditions and 

Origin of partly upon the kitchen middens or kitchen leavings, traces 

the Lenapes. of which are found in the shell-heaps of New Jersey. These 

shell-heaps are the production not only of the Indians living 

along the coast, but of tribes living along the shores of the Lenape-Whit- 

tuck, who made periodical journeys to the seashore for the triple purpose 

of fishing, fowling and bathing. These journeys were always made afoot, 

as the horse was then unknown on this continent.'" 

One of the largest of these shell-heaps was found on the marsh skirt- 
ing what is now known as Great Bay, about a mile from the mainland. 
It has been conjectured that this mound marks the site of an ancient pile- 
dwelling settlement, similar to the settlement of twenty huts found by 



* Until quite recently it was believed that the horse originated in Asia, but late dis- 
coveries, says a recent writer (E. L. Anderson, London, 1898), show that " at a period long 
anterior to the earliest records of Asia, horses were known to mankind in various parts of 
Europe. The remains of the horse of our times are found with those of the extinct mammals 
of the quarternary period ; and, as far as 1 can discover, our horse has an antiquity as great 
as that of any existing quadruped. The primitive man who dwelt in rock-shelters and caves, 
and who is supposed to have flourished in that division of the world's history called the 
"reindeer period," certainly used the horse for food. In the caves of France, Switzerland 
and other countries great quantities of the bones of horses have been found under circum- 
stances which prove that they were put there long before the times of which we have any 
historical knowledge, and that their presence was due to a primitive race of man. 




PROMINENT ATLANTIC CITY PHYSICIANS. 



I. Dr. Thomas K. Reed. 
3. Dr. William M. Powell. 



2. Dr. B. C. Pennington. 
4. Dr. John R Fleming. 



Indian Stories and Traditions 



39 



Columbus on the north coast of South America, to which he gave the sug- 
gestive name of Venezuela, or Little Venice. In place of a shallow layer of 
shells scattered over a considerable area (a characteristic of all aboriginal 
village sites on the seacoast) at Great Bay there was found a single 
mound of extraordinary height and proportions. This significant feature, 
coupled with the fact that the marsh was once an integral part of the bay, 
naturally suggested a pile-dwelling settlement. Several Indian graves 
were uncovered on the slope opposite the mound, from which were taken 
thirty-two skeletons of adults. 

Doubtless the curling smoke from Indian wigwams once ascended 
above the hill-tops and red cedars which marked the present site of Atlantic 
City. Traces of these remained until recent vears in 
Indian Mounds the shell-mounds in the vicinity of Hill's Creek, above 
and Shell-Heaps. Chelsea, where Indian implements of a very archaic 
character were also found. Another of these shell- 
mounds was found at what is now Missouri avenue, between Arctic and 
Baltic, Atlantic City. Thousands of bushels were taken from this mound 
and used in the building of the Higbee road. 

Dr. Thomas K. Reed, of Atlantic City, has a collection of Indian relics 
that is unsurpassed by any other private collection in the country. To him, 
also, the writer is indebted for much information concerning the early his- 
tory of Atlantic City and Absecon Beach. Dr. Reed has been an active 
participant in the various movements tending to the 
Dr. T. K. Reed, advancement of Atlantic City, and during the three 
decades, i860 to i8go, he was the leading spirit in every 
such movement. He is the Nestor of Atlantic City physicians, is univer- 
sally respected as a model professional gentleman and highly esteemed by 
a wide circle of friends in Atlantic City and elsewhere. The soul of honor, 
courageous, educated, studious and refined, he is, literally and exactly, in 
the best conceivable meaning of that hackneyed phrase, a gentleman and a 
scholar. 

INDIAN RELICS ON THE LEEDS HOMESTEAD. 

While working: in the rear of a house on Division street. Atlantic City, on April 2, igoo, 
a plumber discovered a box containing human bones. The house was at one time the home 
of Andrew Leeds, who died in 1867, and was buried in a vault on the premises, his being the 
only grave on the island, so far as known. This property remained in the possession of 
Andrew's widow, familiarly known as " Aunt Ellen " Leeds, until about 1897, when it passed 
into other hands, and the bones of Andrew were removed to Absecon. The finding of the 
bones of a human being in the rear of the old Leeds homestead caused some speculation, 
but the mystery was explained by Mrs. Abbie Leeds, widow of James Leeds, a son of Andrew 
and grandson of Jeremiah Leeds, the first settler. Mrs. Leeds said the bones found in the 
box were no doubt the same bones which Andrew Leeds had unearthed about 1850, near the 
present entrance to the turnpike bridge, at Baltic and Georgia avenues. At one time there 
were Indian shell-mounds at this point, the shells being used in the building of the Higbee 
road in the early history of the city. Near these shell-mounds the skeletons of a number of 
Indians were dug up out of the sand by Andrew Leeds, who sent them to Dr. Pitnev at 
Absecon. Many years ago, after the death of Dr. Pitnev, the bones were returned to Mr. 
Leeds, and after the death of the latter his widow kept them about the premises. At this 
writing (igoo) "Aunt Ellen " is still living, aged eighty-six. 

Indian mounds have been found in other parts of Atlantic Countv. 
In opening a new street at Pleasantville, in February, iSgo, workmen dis- 
covered the skeletons of twenty-one Indians. The bones were found about 
three feet under-ground, and with them several flints, many arrows, one 
stone knife, two flakes and a stone mill, used for cracking corn. The 
latter had been worn nearly in two by use. 

These Indian skeletons revived afresh the finding of human skeletons 
laid bare by the March winds, in the sandy hills of Chestnut Neck, a few 
years previous. Two skeletons were found beneath the branches of a large 
cedar, with the head of one encased in a turtle-shell, indicating that it was 



40 



Heston' s Hand-Book. 



that of an Indian who had belonged to the Unamis, or Turtle Indians, a 
tribe of the Lenapes, whose emblem was a turtle. Many other mementoes 
of the aborigines have been found at different times' in the vicinity of 
Chestnut Neck and places farther inland. 

d d d 

Very early in their history the Indians living along the Lenape- 

Whittuck instituted summer excursions to the seashore. 

Summering at When the warm days of June had come, the squaws 

Absegami. having previously planted the maize, the tribe was 

1500101650 ready for the march to the chosen spot by the sea. 

Two or three days suftked to bring them to their place 

of summer encampment at Absegami, whose oyster beds were ever a 

delight. 




--?««fei 



ORIGIN OF THE WORD ABSECON. 

Absecon is a corruption of tlie real Indian name, Absegami. The name originally 
designated the bay or salt-water lake inside the sand-bar, above what is now Atlantic City, 
and should be spelled Absegam, or, if the original form be used, Absegami. 

Aps or abse is the common Algonkin name for small or little, and is used in relation 
to inanimate objects. Gami, kami, kam or gom all mean across or on the other side of. In 
one sense they are particles, but more frequently they are used as nouns or adjectival 
suffixes, referring to a wide and level extant of land or water. Thus, Lake Superior, in the 
Indian tongue, is Kitchi-gami, the great wat»r. In his song of Hiawatha, Longfellow calls 
it Gitchi-gumi, the big sea-water, but the Bureau of Ethnology, at Washington, uses the 
former spelling. 

The true Indian etymology of our local name is therefore Absegami, meaning " little 
sea-water," and the original spelling has been corrupted to Absecam, Absecum, Absecom 
and finally Absecon. It must be admitted that the last is the most euphonious. On a map 
of New Jersey, published by William Faden, in 1777, it is spelled Absecum. In any form, 
it signifies little water or water of limited extent, implying that the other shore is in sight. 

In some of the early deeds the name of this beach or island was spelled " Absequan." 
Since we have Manasquan, farther up the coast, there is some excuse for the use of Absequan. 



Indian Stories and Traditions. 



41 



We do not find Absegami nor any of its various derivatives in William Nelson's work 
on the New Jersey Indians, nor is it found in Pilling's bibliography of the Algonquian 
languages; nevertheless, with the assistance of the Bureau of Ethnology, at Washington, 
the author found that the modern name of Absecon is derived from the two Algonquian 
words, abse and gami. 

Arriving at the seashore, the Indians prepared for a sojourn of many 
weel<s by erecting temporary lodges of skins or cedar barks and boughs, 
where they lived and feasted' on the luxuries so bountifully supplied by the 
waters, the marshes and the forests. They visited friendly tribes farther 
up the coast, and doubtless enjoyed these sociables as though they them- 
selves and their rude entertainers were people of the highest civilization. 
The men went fishing and fowling, searched for the eggs of the marsh- 
hens and gulls, or gathered shell-fish on the flats of the bay. While they 
were thus engaged, the women attended to the children, cooked the foocl 
procured by their lords and masters, gathered the materials and made 




\, 







\ 




circular beds of fire on which to roast terrapin, oysters and clams. At this 
encampment the chief of the tribe strutted about, proudly displaying his 
white and purple pearl-embroidered costume, deeming himself the most 
gorgeously dressed and greatest monarch on earth. 

Ere the melancholy winds of October began to blow, the Indians pre- 
pared to leave their temporary abode at the seashore. They loaded them- 
selves with dried shell-fish, some winkle-shells for drinking-cups, and a few 
large sea-shells intended for crockery-ware in the winter wigwams. The 
squaws lashed the papooses to their shoulders and, with a string of dried 
shell-fish on each arm, they were equipped for the journey. The men 
carried their tomahawks, their scalping knives and bows and arrows, 
besides bundles of wild fowl or strings of dried shell-fish, and thus equipped 
the whole tribe commenced the journey, Indian file, back to their winter 
wigwams. 



42 Hestivi' s Haiid-Book. 

Indian "history," which, as already stated, is only another term for 
tradition, makes the vicinity of Absegami the scene of a sanguinary 
battle. A numerous party of the Unamis were hunting on the shores of 

the Mullica, and while thus engaged they encountered a party 

Battle of the of warriors belonging to a hostile northern tribe, who had 

Aborigines, come south in quest of pleasure or scalps. Instantly the 

About 1500 spirit of vengeance was aroused, and with drawn weapons 

the warriors rushed into battle. Stern was the strife, for 
the forces were about equal in numbers and courage. Gliding panther-like 
from tree to tree, hurling the tomahawk or drawing the bow and arrow, 
they waged deadly strife until the shadows of night closed around them. 
Half the warriors on each side had fallen, but as yet there was no thought 
of flight. Crouching low in their leafy coverts, and casting eagle glances 
through the darkness, those unrelenting foes watched and waited for the 
coming day. At dawn the fight was renewed with unabated fury. Shouts 
of rage and vengeance were heard on every side, and the wild shrubbery 
was dyed with blood, as brave after brave fell. Still the conflict went on 
till but two of the Unamis and one of the northern tribe remained. Ob- 
serving their advantage, the two Unamis sounded the war cry and advanced 
to seize their solitary foe, but this doughty savage had no idea of being 
taken. Flourishing' his tomahawk, he uttered a yell of defiance and 
plunged into the river. His enemies attempted pursuit, but he left them far 
behind and quickly gained the other shore. Pausing a moment to wave a 
taunting farewell,'he dashed swiftly away and disappeared in the forest. 
The baffled Unamis then returned to their camp with tidings of the fatal 
combat, which was destined to be long preserved in the traditional annals 
of the nation. 

d d J!i 

Indian Tribes and Previous to 1645 the Indians were monarchs of all 

Their Location. they surveyed in that part of Scheyichbi between the 

1645 to 1698 Mullica and Great Egg Harbor. At the time of the 

coming of the English and Scotch emigrants from 

Long Island, the red men were not so numerous as they had been. 

LOCATION OF INDIAN TRIBES. 

A pamphlet published in 1648, by Beauchamp Plantagenet, entitled "A Description of 
the Province of New Albion," etc., contains a letter written by Robert Evelin, who had passed 
four years in the province, in which he says: "I find some broken land, isles and inlets, 
and many small isles at Egbay [Egg Harbor]; But going to Delaware Bay, by Cape May, 
which is 24 miles at most — on that north side about five miles within a Port or rode for any 
ships called the Nook [Maurice River], and within lieth the king of the Kechemeches, hav- 
ing as I suppose about 50 men, and 12 leagues higher a little above the Bay and Bar is the 
Manteses. The king of the Manteses hath about 100 bow-men ; next above about 6 leagues 
higher is the king of the Sikonesses, and next is Asomoches, a king with an hundred men, 
and next is Eriwoneck, a king of forty men [the Amarongs], and five miles above is the king 
of Ramcock [Rankokas tribe] with a hundred men, and four miles higher the king of 
Axion [tribe of Atsion or Atsionks] with two hundred men, and next to him tenne leagues 
over land an inland king of Calcefar, with an hundred and fifty men. And six leagues 
higher, near a creek called Maselian, the king having two hundred men. And then we come 
to the Fals. The Indians are in several factions and war against the Susquehannocks." 

The author of the pamphlet adds that in addition to those named by Evelin " there are 
at least 1200 under the two Raritan kings on the north, and those come down to the ocean 
about little Egbay and Sandy Barnegate and about the South cape [Cape May] two small 
kings of fortv men apiece, called Tinans and Tiascans, and a third reduced to fourteen men 
at Raymont." — Plantagenet, p. 20 ; Smith, p. 31. 

DeLaet, another early historian, mentions other tribes, as follows : Naraticongs, Arme- 
wamexes. Maeroahkongs, Sewaposes, Minquosees, Mattikongees and the Sanhigans, the 
latter being the tribe situated at the falls of the Delaware, or what is now Trenton, but which 
the Indians called Chickohacki. This was the largest Indian village on the east bank of 
the Lenape-Whittuck, and here the great chief of the Scheyichbi resided. 

Gabriel Thomas, in his quaint little history, mentions a tribe called Yacomanshag, 
located about where the town of Hammonton is now situated. Remains of this old Indian vil- 
lage were found by a wood-chopper, about five miles northeast of Hammonton, in June, 1896. 



I i 




Indian Stovics and Traditions. 43 

Undoubtedly, in the enumeration of the Indians, the writers included the men only, as 
not until the boys reached the age of fifteen did they become bow-men. We are told that 
until they reached this age they spent most of their time in fishing. At fifteen they became 
bow-men, and as soon as they could return to their father's wigwam with a sufficient number 
of skins, after a day's hunt, they were allowed to marry any girl in the camp who wore a 
crown of red or blue bays, as an advertisement of her willingness to marry. Usually the 
male took his first wife at sixteen to eighteen and the female wore her " advertisement" at 
about fourteen or fifteen. 

To approximate the population of a tribe we may safely multiply the number of bow- 
men by four, and on that basis we find that in the year 1648 there were about 8,000 Indians 
in the southern and eastern parts of Scheyichbi, or New Jersey. In the north and northwest- 
ern sections there were doubtless several thousand more, as we learn from other sources 
that there were tribes called the Matas, the Chichequaas, the Raritans, the Navesinks, the 
Nanticokes and the Tutelos. These all belonged to the Lenni-Lenape nation, of which 
there were two branches in the pine and coast region of Scheyichbi— the Unamis or Turtles, 
and the Unilachtos or Turkeys. 

About the Delaware, almost all the Indian names of streams have been abolished, but 
several branches of the Mullica and Great Egg Harbor yet retain their primitive titles. 

In the pamphlet from which we have quoted we read that in the vicinity of what is 
now Atlantic City [Egbay] the country "partaketh of the healthiest aire and most excellent 
commodities of Europe," and in the forests there were "five sorts of deer, buffes [buffalosj, 
and huge elks to plow and work, all bringing three young at once." The uplands were 
" covered many moneths with berries, roots, chestnuts, walnuts, beech and oak and mast to 
feed them, hogges and turkeys, five hundred in a flock." 

According to the traditions of tlie Indians, tlieir number had been 
greatly reduced by wars among themselves. One tribe of the Unamis 
lived at what is now Leeds Point, another at Wills and Osborne Islands, 
to the north, and still another at Manahawkin. The first named were a 
branch of the war-like tribe of Atsionks, or Axions, who had their principal 
settlement near where the present village of Atsion now stands. 1 hey 
claimed the exclusive right to fish in and hunt along all the tributaries of 
the Mullica. The Tuckahoe Indians, a more peaceful tribe, dwelt along 
the river of that name, on the southern boundary of Atlantic County. 
Between the two tribes there was considerable intercourse, and in going 
from one settlement or camp to another they crossed the Great Egg 
Harbor river at Inskeep's ford, near the present town of Hammonton. 
Here they would generally stop for the night, always sleeping in the open 
air, and never remaining after sunrise. 

Between the tribe whose camp was near the present site of Leeds 
Point and the two tribes on the north there was a bitter hostility. One 
night when the Wills Island Indians were sleeping in apparent security the 
Leeds Point warriors crossed the Mullica, and taking their slumbering' foes 
by surprise, massacred all but one, who fled unnoticed to the Manahawkin 
tribe, and informed the chief thereof of the fate which had befallen his 
people. The Manahawkin braves armed themselves, and started in pur- 
suit. They arrived the night after the slaughter and found the victorious 
warriors singing and dancing in exultation of their victory. The Mana- 
hawkin braves moved stealthily around to the eastern shore, where they 
captured the canoes of the Leeds Point tribe, and, placing a guard over 
them, rushed in upon the unsuspecting revelers, slaying them on every hand. 
Those of the enemy who fled to their canoes found them in the possession 
of the guard, who killed every warrior that approached, and in a short 
time there was not a Leeds Point brave left to tell the tale of the battle. 
Mulberry field, where this battle took place, has always been remarkable 
for the fertility of its soil. Near the field were severaf mounds, and some 
years ago a farmer who owned the land resolved on turning these mounds 
to good account. Accordingly, he scattered their contents over the fields 
for purposes of fertilization. ' In digging into the mounds many human 
bones were discovered, there being alternate layers of earth, bones and 
shells. Mingled with the bones were a number of Indian implements. 



44 Heston s Hand-Book. 

With the advent of the white man the Indians gradually disappeared. 

That part of Scheyichbi, or New Jersey, whose history we are tracing was 

called Eyre Haven, or Egg Harbor. Henry Hudson, in the Dutch ship 

'• Half Moon," a vessel of about eighty tons, dis- 

Discovery of Absegami covered Absegami and Eyre Haven on September 

and Eyre Haven. i and 2, i6og, but he did not attempt to enter any 

1609 of the inlets along the coast until he reached what 

is now Barnegat. 

About the last of August Hudson entered Delaware Bay, but finding 

the navigation dangerous he soon left without going ashore. After getting 

out to sea again he steered northeastwardly and after a while anchored 

and made land in the vicinity of the Great Egg Harbor, a few miles south 

of Absegami. 

LOG-BOOK OF THE "HALF MOON." 
The log-book of the " Half Moon" was kept by the mate, Alfred Juet, and contains the 
first reference to old Eyre Haven of which there is any record. In his log-book, under date 
of September 2 i6og, he says : "When the sun arose we steered north again and saw land 
from the west by north to the northwest, all alike, broken islands, and our soundings were 
eleven fathoms and ten fathoms. Then we luffed in for the shore, and fair by the shore we 
_had seven fathoms. The course along the land [Absecon Beach] we found to be northeast 
"by north. From the land, which we first had sight of, until we came to a great lake of 
water, as we could judge it to be [Great Bay and Barnegat Bay], being drowned land which 
made it rise like islands, which was in length ten leagues. The mouth of the lake has 
many shoals, and the sea breaks upon them as it is cast out of the mouth of it. And from 
that lake or bay the land lies north by east, and we had a great stream out of the Bay ; and 
from thence our soundings was ten fathoms two leagues from land. At five o'clock we 
anchored, being light wind, and rode in eight fathoms water; the night was fair. This 
night I found the land to haul the compass eight degrees. Far to the northward of us we 
saw high hills, for the day before we found not above two degrees of variation. This is a 
very good land to fall in with, and a pleasant land to see." 

HOW STATEN ISLAND WAS ATTACHED TO NEW YORK. 

The high hills " far to the northward," referred to by Mate Juet, were the highlands 
of Navesink and Staten Island. Perhaps, the reader has wondered why Staten Island, in 
spite of its location, is a part of New York, instead of New Jersey. On March 20, 1664, 
James, Duke of York, received from his brother, Charles II., a grant for "all that part of 
the main land of New England," particularly described; also "all the land from the west 
side of the Connecticut river to the east side of Delaware bay. and the several other islands 
and lands," etc., including the provinces of New York and New Jersey. Three months 
later, on June 23d. the Duke of York, " for the consideration of ten shillings, lawful money 
of England," conveyed to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret all that portion of the 
territory between the Hudson river and Delaware bay or river, to be known thereafter as 
Nova Cctsarea or New Jersey. The Duke despatched Sir Robert Carre and Admiral Richard 
Nicholls, with a land and naval force, to take possession of all lands included in the grant 
from the king. Much of the territory was then in possession of the Dutch under Peter 
Stuyvesant. Nicholls was given command of the land forces, consisting of about three 
hundred men, and his instructions were to place Berkeley and Carteret in possession of 
New Jersey, and to hold for the Duke the lands eastward of the Hudson, including "the 
small islands in adjacent waters." Nicholls carried out his instructions, but was perplexed 
as to the disposition of Staaten Eylandt, as the Dutch called it. Long Island was too big to 
be doubtful. It was clearly a part of New York by reason of its size and location. The 
other islands were so small as to be included in the term " small islands in adjacent waters," 
but Staten Island was neither one thing nor the other — neither large nor small. He finally 
decided that any island that could be sailed around in twenty-four hours was small enough 
to come within the instructions, and might be fairly considered a part of New York. 

Nicholls therefore commissioned Captain James Billup, of the ship " Bent ley," to make 
the effort to circumnavigate the island in twenty-four hours. Billup regarded the beautiful 
island, with its wooded heights, as a rare prize for the Duke, and he determined to win it for 
him, if possible. But treacherous shoals and shifting winds made it a difficult task. He 
took the outside course first, but when he started up through what the Dutch called the 
Arthur Kills he grounded opposite to where Perth Amboy is now located. Finally the crew 
warped the vessel off, but in a short time she was aground again. Billup was in despair, 
when three Indians put out from the shore and paddled up to the ship. One of them, 
Matoachen, or Metuchen, a chief of the Po Ambo tribe, could speak a few words in Dutch, 
and to him Billup managed to make known his plight. Matoachen agreed to serve as a 
pilot, and his knowledge of the channel and shoals made it possible for Billup to finish his 
course within the twenty-four hours. Thus it was that Staten Island became a part of 
New York. Nicholls granted to Billup, as a reward, a large estate on the southern end of 
the island, which grant was afterwards confirmed by the Duke of York. Billup named it 
Bentley Manor, after his ship, and the old stone Bentley manor-house is still one of the 



|a 



c 



rf /I 




^^ 







J 



Indian Stories aiid Tradiiioiis. 



45 



landmarks in that part of the island. Billup's memory is preserved in Billup's Point, at the 
extreme southern end of the island, where the g-overnment erected a fort during the Spanish- 
American war. 

In 1769 the line between New Jersey and New Yorl< was officially located by a royaT 
commission, whose report was characterized by largeness of expression and sparseness of 
detail. To settle the disputes that were constantly arising, another commission was 
appointed in 1854. This commission decided that the boundary should be the middle line of 
the Hudson river, beginning at the forty-first degree of north latitude, the middle of New 
York Bay, the middle of Kill von Kull, the middle of Arthur Kill and the middle of Raritan 
Bay. This seemed definite enough, but it was not long before new disputes arose. The bed 
of Raritan Bay became valuable as an oyster planting ground, and the uncertainty as to 
jurisdiction led to frequent disputes and occasional bloodshed. In 1887 another commission 
was appointed by the Governors of New York and New Jersey to locate definitely the line 
between the two states. This cr mmission agreed upon a line in i88g. From the mouth of 
the Hudson it sweeps east of Robbin's Reef Lighthouse, and includes not only Robbin's Reef 
and Bedloe's Island, but Ellis Island and Oyster Island, making them a part of New Jersey. 

As the Statue of Liberty is on Bedloe's Island, it is on New Jersey soil, although the 
Century Dictionary and other atlases erroneously place it within the bounds of Greater 
New York. 

6 <i 6 

The discovery of the inlets above and below Absegami may be properly 
credited to Captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, of the ship " Fortuyn," who 
left New Amsterdam in June, 1614, and cruised down the coast on a voy- 
age of discovery. He called the inlet now known as Barnegat by the 
Dutch name of Barende-gat, meaning " Breakers inlet," or, as it is in 
English, "the inlet with breakers." In the rivers his men in the ship's 
boat found an abundance of gulls' eggs, and he therefore called the streams 
Great and Little Egg Harbor (the latter now known as the Mullica), and 
the country Eyre Haven, the Dutch for Egg Harbor. Absecon inlet he 
also called Barende-gat, these words being used at first not as a name, but 
merely as a description of the inlet. In the course of time the word was 
corrupted into Barnegat. On Vanderdonck's Dutch map, made in 1656, it 
is Barndegat, and in his description of the coast, in one place, he calls 
Absecon Bear-gat. He says: "There are several fine bays and inland 
waters, which form good sea harbors for those who are acquainted with 
the inlets and entrances to the same, which at present are not much used, 
particularly Barndegat, Great and Little Egg Harbor and Bear-gat, 
wherein anchorages are safe and secure. But as few Christians are 
settled at those places, the harbors are seldom used, unless the wind and 
the weather render it necessary for safety." 

Gabriel Thomas, who wrote a " History of New Jersey" in 1698, in 

enumerating the streams of water, mentions Great Egg Harbor River, 

" up which a ship of two or three hundred tuns may 

Stones of the sail." This country, he adds, " is noted for its good 

Early Historians, store of horses, cows, sheep, hogs, etc., the lands there- 

1654 to 1738 abouts being much improved and built upon." On the 

map which accompanies his book the beach or island 

whereon Atlantic City is now built, the modern name of which is Absecon 

Beach, is described as having " some wood land and some sandy ground." 

Some of the "wonderful things" found in this part of the country 
two centuries ago can be described best in the language of the quaint his- 
torian Thomas. " There are, among other various sorts of frogs," he says, 
"the bull-frog, which makes a roaring noise, hardly to be distinguished 
from that well known of the beast from which it takes its name. There is 
another sort of frog that crawls up to the tops of trees, there seeming to 
imitate the notes of several birds." in writing of the productiveness of the 
soil he digresses in this wise: " Jealousie among men is here very rare, 
and barrenness among women hardly to be heard of ; nor are old maids to 
be met with, for all commonly marry before they are twenty years of age, 
and seldom any young married woman but hath a child * " * '-■ "''^' ." 



46 Hcston' s Hand-Book. 

" Gloucester-Town," says he in another part of his bool<, " is a very fine 
and pleasant place, whither young people come from Philadelphia in the 
wherries to eat strawberries and cream, within sight of which city it is 
sweetly situated." Burlington was then the " chiefest town" in West 
Jersey, but Salem was the " ancientest." 

Rev. John Campanius Holm — the last word being an affix to the 
name proper, denoting the place of his nativity, Stockholm— was one of the 
most ingenious and picturesque liars that ever traveled — a man of more 
than Munchausen ability in that particular. He came over in 1643, and 
sent over to Sweden some hideous stories of the country. He tells of many 
strange things, among which was the fish tree, which " resembles box- wood 
and smells like raw fish. It cannot be split, but if a fire be lighted around 
it with some other kind of wood it melts away." Somewhere in the middle 
of one of the creeks, we are told, there was a place which was never known 
to freeze, and where swans were seen at all times. The streams were alive 
with whales, sharks, sea-spiders and tarm-fisks, and the shores " with a 
large and horrible serpent, which is called a rattlesnake, which has a head 
like that of a dog and can bite off a man's leg as if it had been hewn down 
with an exe. There are horny joints in their tails, which make a noise 
like children's rattles, and when they see a man they wind themselves in a 
circle and shake their heads, which can be heard at a distance of a hundred 
yards. These snakes are three yards long and thick as the thickest part 
of a man's thigh." Speaking of" the king crab, this priestly prevaricator 
says: " Their tails are half an ell long and made like a three-edged saw, 
with which the hardest tree may be sawed down." 

A certain William Wood, in his description of New Jersey, published 
in 1634, gives us an idea of some of the habits of our aboriginal friends, 
the Indians, in the following classic lines: — 

"The dainty Indian maise 
Was eat with clamp-shells out of wooden trays, 
The luscious lobster with the craw-fish raw, 
The brinnish oyster, mussel, periwig-ge. 
And tortoise sought by the Indian squaw, 
Which to the flats dance many a winter's jigge. 
To dive for cockles and to dig for clams. 
Whereby her \azy \\\x%\:)a.n^' ^ guts she cravimsy 

The last line of the foregoing beautiful stanza is most likely literally 
true. A similar practice is prevalent in some sections of the state even 
unto this day, being one of the habits of the aborigines which our lazy 
forefathers were quick to adopt and transmit to succeeding generations. 
In every community there are men whose wives, like the Indian squaws, 
are required to do all the drudgery, and often feed and clothe the indolent 
lords of creation. 

^ id d 

Vincent Leonarda, a Portuguese adventurer, was wrecked on Absecon 
Beach about the middle of the seventeenth century and wandered thence to 
New York, returning eventually to Portugal. 

ROMANCE OF MINNEQUA AND THE INDIAN MAID. 

Leonarda was said to be a descendant of Vasco da Gama, the great Portuguese dis- 
coverer. In the shipwreck he and a few of his followers were saved, and, being kindly 
treated by the Indians, they remained at the camp some days. On leaving, and making 
their way toward New York, they endured hardships and exposure before reaching the 
mouth of the Hudson, whence they were taken by Dutch settlers across the river to New 
York Here they soon fell in with a skipper who was about sailing for the Mediterranean, and 
after a passage of eleven weeks were landed at Barcelona, whence they made their way to 
Portugal. Some time afterwards the government requested Leonarda to write a narrative 
of his adventures. This he did, but for some reason, instead of being published, the manu- 
script was deposited in the archives of the bureau of navigation at Lisbon, where it was 



India)i Stories and Traditiojis. 



47 



destroyed by fire, with many other public documents, about 1848. Previous to its destruc- 
tion an American traveler gfained access to this quaintly written document. He describes it 
as " a sincere and plaintive, but simple story of adventure, which is probably rendered more 
sad in tone than it otherwise would have been, by reason of the private troubles that were 
weighingupon the heart of Leonarda when he wrote it." Doubtless the writer refers to 
Leonarda's grief over the death of his lady love, a voung woman of distinction, which is 
said to have occurred during his absence in America. Leonarda himself died at Oporto 
three years after his return to Portugal. 

The description of the beach and surrounding country, as given in the parchment, 
left no doubt in the mind of our American traveler that the shipwreck of Leonarda occurred 
at no other place than Absegami, or Absecon Beach. 

About the time of this shipwreck, according to the story of Leonarda, there was an 
unusual commotion among the Indians encamped in the vicinity of Absegami. One of their 
number was Minnequa. brother of Wekolis. the chief, who was deeply enamored of an 
Indian girl, called, in English, the "Fair Ocean Maid." The girl also loved Minnequa, 
and she in turn was loved by Wekolis. the chief, who cruelly forbade anv communication 
or association between his brother and the girl. To prevent any violation of this order, 
Wekolis had the girl confined in his wigwam, under guard. The brother whom he had 
hitherto loved Minnequa now hated. 

One night, so the story goes, Minnequa and a number of his friends, after a fruitless 
attempt to rescue the Fair Ocean Maid, broke away from the camp and erected their wig- 
wams about four miles distant, proposing to make an assault upon the camp of Wekolis at a 
favorable time. 

Day and night the young girl was under guard and among the watchers was a young 
Indian named Wau-Koo-Naby, who had loved the captive from his childhood. He well 
knew that she could never be his squaw, yet he was constrained to risk his own life in an 
attempt to rescue her from the hands of one whom he knew she did not love. One day, dur- 
ing the absence of the chief, while Wau-Koo-Naby was walking with the fair maidof the 
ocean at some distance from the wigwam, he suggested that she escape with him. At first 
she hesitated, fearing detection and punishment for both. But at last she consented and a 
plan of escape was agreed upon. 

One stormy night everything seemed auspicious. The chief had left the camp at 
mid-day and had not yet returned from the chase. Wau-Koo-Naby persuaded his fellow- 
guardsmen to go to sleep, assuring them that he would guard well their captive. As soon 
as the others were asleep, the watchful pair crept cautiously out of the wigwam and tied, in 
the face of wind and rain, toward the camp of Minnequa. After traveling some distance 
and being fatigued by the rigors of the night, they sought shelter in a grove of cedars. 
Here they detected lights at a distance, and believing themselves near the camp of 
Minnequa, they hastened on. On approaching the camp thev heard much commotion. 
The girl and her companion hallooed for assistance, and soon two red men approached. 
Wau-Koo-Naby and the girl supposed they were friends, and before discovering otherwise 
one of the Indians smote Wau-Koo-Naby to the earth with his tomahawk. He quickly seized 
the girl, and, taking her in his arms, hastened back to his friends. Instead of the camp of 
her lover, as the girl had supposed, she found herself in the presence of Wekolis, who. 
returning to his own camp that night, had discovered the treachery of Wau-Koo-Naby and 
was then in pursuit of the girl and her companion 

The next day Minnequa, hearing of the girl's capture, determined to attack the camp 
of his brother the following night. This he did, but was worsted by superior force. He 
and his men retired to their wigwams sad-hearted and discouraged. 

The captive maiden, the object of this fighting, saddened by the fate of Wau-Koo- 
Naby. grieving over her separation from Minnequa, and suffering, perhaps, from her 
exposure of the night before, was taken sick. As she lay upon her bed of leaves and grass 
in the wigwam, the chief approached, perhaps to caress her. Her face was calm and her 
brow was cold ; he believed her dead. Instantly his heart was tilled with compunction, and 
rushing from the wigwam, he tied to the camp of his brother, crying " Mercy ' Mercy ' I have 
killed the Ocean Maid." 

Minnequa was greatly alarmed. He did not stop to upbraid his brother, but hastened 
at once to the opposing camp, desiring, if possible, to embrace in death the girl whom he 
had so dearly loved in life. Reaching the tent, he was overjoyed to find her alive and in 
deep slumber. The chief had supposed her dead, when, in fact, she had merely fainted. 

This incident served to melt the chief's heart. Not only did he bid the girl marry the 
man whom she loved, but if we are to believe our Portuguese chronicler, he actually made 
Minnequa chief of the tribe. Wau-Koo-Naby, who had assisted the girl in her flight, though 
severely wounded, we are informed, did not die, but bravely returned to camp and was 
requited for his fidelity by receiving in marriage the hand of the chief's sister, another 
beautiful daughter of the forest. 

This story, as given by Leonarda, may be somewhat embellished, although in his 
nianuscript he assured the Portuguese that he gave the facts exactly as they occurred about 
the time of his shipwreck on Absecon Beach. 

a d d 

The government of the province always recognized the title of the 
Indians to the lands, and always insisted on a fair purchase from them. 



48 



Heston' s Hand-Book. 



For this reason the white settlers never had any trouble with the aborig- 
ines. In 1758, most of the Indians having sold their land, agreed to the 
extinguishment of their titles, except the right to fish in all the rivers and 
bays south of the Raritan, and to hunt in all uninclosed lands. In 1802 

they removed to the vicinity of Oneida Lake, N. Y., 

Migration of the and in 18^2 the remnant of the Lenni-Lenapes, forty in 

Red Man. number, were settled at Statesburgh, on Fox River, 

1802 Wis. Believing that they had never parted with the right 

to fish and hunt secured to them in 1758, they deputed 
one of their number. Wilted Grass, known among the whites as Bartholo- 
mew S. Calvin, who had served with credit under Washington, to lay 
their claim before the New Jersey Legislature. This he did in a memorial 
couched in language simple and pathetic, beginning : " 1 am old and weak 
and poor, and therefore a fit representative of my people. You are young 
and strong and rich, and therefore fit representatives of your people." 
The Legislature voted the sum asked for, two thousand dollars. Wilted 
Grass addressed a letter of thanks to the Legislature, in which he said : — 
" Not a drop of your blood have you spilled in battle ; not an acre of 
our land have you taken but by our consent. These facts speak for them- 
selves and need no comment. They place the character of New Jersey in 
bold relief and a bright example to those States within whose territorial 
limits our brethren still remain. Nothing but benisons can fall upon her 
from the lips of a Lenni-Lenape." 

ii <S d 

The Lenapes of Pennsylvania were pressed successively to the Sus- 
quehanna and Ohio rivers, and afterward to Missouri and Arkansas. 
Most of their descendants are now located in the Indian Territory and are 
connected with the Cherokees. Their number is about 17C0. 




A Snap Shot. 



Days of Yore. 




HE deed from the Indians to the 
proprietors, for lands between the 
Rancocas and Timber creeks (in- 
cluding the present bounds of 
Atlantic county), is dated Sep- 
tember lo, 1677, and that from 
the Rancocas to Assanpink creek 
one month later — October loth. 
The proprietors for some time 
seemed loth to part with lands on 
the seacoast, for under date of 
December 24, 1692, they wrote 
from London to Jeremiah Basse, 
their agent in New Jersey, ad- 
vising him to "sell none of ye land 
that lies convenient for whale fishing 
till ye heare further from us, for that 
wee will not sell." Thomas Budd, an 
early purchaser of lands in New Jersey, 
had previously sold to Dr. Daniel 
Coxe, of London, physician to the 
Queen, 15,000 acres on the south side 
of the Great Egg Harbor— and pos- 
sibly some on the north side — these 
being the lands which had been deeded 
by the proprietors to Budd in settle- 
ment of a claim of 1250 pounds. 

ORIGINAL OWNERS OF THE ISLAND. 

Thomas Budd. original owner of the island 
whereon Atlantic City is built, arrived at Bur- 
lington in 167S. Nine or ten years afterwards he 
published a pamphlet describing the country, 
and quoting a speech made by one of the Indians, at a conference of the white and 
red men, held in Burlington. The Indian said: "We are your brothers and intend to 
live like brothers with you. We have no mind to have war, for when we have war we are 
only skin and bones ; the meat that we eat doth not do us good ; we always are in fear ; we 
have not the benefit of the sun to shine on us ; we hide us in holes and corners ; we are 
minded to live at peace. If we intend at any time to make war upon you, we will let you 
know of it, and the reasons why we make war with you; and if you make us satisfaction 
for the injury done us, for which the war was intended, then we will not make war upon you ; 
and if you intend at any time to make war on us, we would have you let us know of it, and 
the reason ; and then if we do not make satisfaction for the injury done unto you, then you may 
make war on us, otherwise you ought not to do it. You are our brothers, and we are willing 
to live like brothers with you; we are willing to have a broad path for you and us to walk 
in, and if an Indian is asleep in this path, the Englishman shall pass by, and do him no 
harm ; and if an Englishman is asleep in this path, the Indian shall pass him by. and sav, 
' He is an Englishman, he is asleep ; let him alone, he loves to sleep.' It shall be a plain 
path ; there must not be in this path a stump to hurt our feet." 

THE SPEECH OF AN INDIAN SAGE. 

In the same pamphlet the author says : " The Indians have been very serviceable to 
us by selling us venison, Indian corn, pease and beans, fish and fowl, buck-skins, beaver, 

(49) 





Cottage of William F. Taylor— Cottage of John Loughran— Cottage 
of S. E. Magarge. 



at we 
we 



Talcs of the Oldcii lluic. rj 

^nf.^r'^ Other Skins and furs. The men hunt, fish and fowl, and the women nlant the corn 
f^ ..r n*'"'*.^^"',; .There are many of them of a .^rood understanding, considering the?r 
^ff ' i'^H^"^ m their pubhc meetings of business they have e.xceilent order, one spfaking 
Whispers: to ?he ot'r' °"^ " ^^^^''"^' '^" '''' '''' ^^^ ^'-^- -^ '^ -^ - -"h af 
,„ . /k ^^ ^^^ several meetings with them. One was to put down the sale of rum brandy 
and other strong liquors to them, they being a people that have not government of tS 
selves so as to drink in moderation ; at which time there were eight k^ngs a^d manv Sr 
l.t7L,rlt ^T^ '^* °" ^ ^°'''^' ^"^ ^" •'^ ^"°*h^^ ^^^-^ ^&^'"^t them. They had prl- 
fhl bin " K^'*fH°^'^^'"Pr ^°/"'^ "' ^' "^^'^ °^ the covenant thev made with us. One of 
the kings, by the consent and appointment of the rest, stood up and made this followinJ 
speech : The strong liquor was first sold to us by the Dutch, and thev were blind • thev 1 ad 
no eyes : they did not see that it was for our hurt. The next people that came amone us 
hnnV^Ti?'''^^'^' ^■^'^ ^o^tinued the sale of those strong liquors to us Th^v vv^e also 
Unpw it 7. r l^^^"", F"" = l^'^/"^ "°* """ 't t« ^' hurtful to us to drink it. although 
crnl fnrh<f. r "wH "' ' ^".^ -f people will sell it to us, we are so in love with it that 
cannot forbear it. When we drink it, it makes us mad ; we do not know what we do- 
h..n lintn T ^"°^^^'' i r ^'7°^ ^^^^. ^t^^"" '"*« the fire. Seven score of our people have 
been k led by reason of the drinking fit. since the time it was first sold us. Those people 
us th'/t h ^'^ ^''"'^»; ^^"^ ^-^^^ !1° "y^^- ^"t now there is a people come to live amongst 
us tha have eyes ; they see it to be for our hurt, and we know it to be for our hurt Thev 
T. 1\1T^ '^t,^'"^ themselves the profit of it for our good. These people have eves ; we 
are glad such a people have come amongst us. We must put it down by mutual consent 
n th^'i-T.'* ^' '?h'^^ 7' '* T^' ^^ '"^'^^ ^^^t; it must^ot leak bv day nor by night' 
in the light nor in the dark ; and we give you these four belts of wampum, which we w?uld 
have you lay up safe, and keep by you, to be witness of this agreement that we make with 
you ; and we would have you tell your children that these four behs of wampum are given 
you to be witnesses betwixt us and you of this agreement.' " ^ 

Notwithstanding tlie fact that the proprietors were averse to selling 
the lands ' convenient for whale fishing," a considerable portion of these 
lands in what is now Atlantic county came into the possession of Budd 
previous to 1695, in which year he sold to John Somers, James Steelman 
and others many hundreds of acres between the Great Egg Harbor and 
Mulhca rivers. In 1695 Budd was the owner of 440 acres on Absecon 
beach. His was an "original" survey. Subsequent survevs were as 
follows: John Scott, 300 acres (January 6, 1714) : Andrew Steelman -756 
acres ; Amos Ireland, 49 acres ; Peter Conover, 100 acres ; Daniel Ireland 
34 acres ; and John Ladd, 1035 acres. 

THE TEN ORIGINAL SURVEYS. 

Absecon beach was originally located by ten survevs. In 1780 nine of these survevs 
f"f,°"^-h^lf the other (which was a survey of 717 acres made to John Ladd) had become 
vested in Colonel Richard Somers by virtue of sundry conveyances from John Babcock 
hrederick Steelman and others. In 1813 the nine survevs and the undivided half of the 



Ladd 
the sa 



survey having become vested in Sarah Keen, the daughter, devisee 
lid Col. Richard Somers. were conveyed to George West, wlio held tl 



and executor of 
orge West, who held the same until his 



death in 1829 In 1816 a salt works being about to be erected on the beach by John Blake. 
he obtained leases from George West, and also from Jeremiah Leeds for that purpose. 

All of the original surveys referred to were above Jackson avenue or 

Dry Inlet," which at that time was the south end of the island, the 

term "Dry Inlet" was for manv vears used to designate a 

Dry Inlet, locality now forming the lower boundar\- of Atlantic City, at 

Jackson avenue. About the vear 1700 the beach was divided 

midway by a small inlet, through which the tide ebbed and flowed Years 

afterwards it was filled with sand, and the locality was then called " Drv 

Jnlet." 

In 1695 Thomas Budd sold large tracts of land on the mainland and 
beaches to actual settlers. Each of his deeds had this clause inserted • 
With the privilege of cutting cedar, and commonidge tor cattle etc. on 
ye swamps and beaches laid out bv ve said Thomas Budd for commons." 
The exaction of these privileges at this date would cause much trouble as 
a large portion of the built-up portion of Atlantic Citv stands upon one of 
the survevs of Thomas Budd. 



52 



Heston' s Hand- Book. 



From the time of the original surveys, about 1700, to about t8co, there 
was little attempt at permanent settlement on Absecon beach, though the 
lands had passed into other hands by deed or inheritance. 

At the time of the Revolution the population of the island consisted of 
the families of Daniel Ireland, William Boice and George Stibbs. These 
men, like Ethan Allen, believed in God and the Continental Congress. A 
company of refugees came to the island one night and took 
Old-Time Stibbs from his humble home, blindfolded him and compelled 
Patriots. him to accompany them and assist in the robbery of 
"Uncle" John Winner, a good old patriot, who lived on 
the mainland. Many years ago three or four caves, showing unmistak- 
able signs of former occupation by man, could be seen in the lower part of 
the city limits. Below "Dry Inlet" there was a cave where William 
Day, a deserter from the Amencan army in the second war with England, 
found a safe retreat from his pursuers". He was employed by Hezekiah 
Sampson, who lived near by. The furrows of his plough were traced in 
the little patch of soil which' he cultivated near the marsh. After the war 
this cave was abandoned to the bats and foxes, and Day, it is said, went 
elsewhere in search of a wife. ^ ^ ^ 

Juan Ponce de Leon, the Spanish explorer of the sixteenth century, 
sought in vain for the spring whose virtues were credulously believed to 
restore the vigor of youth to the aged. Searching for this fountain of 

youth, he landed on the coast of Florida in the year 1512,* 

The Fountain and in that country there are springs almost innumerable, 

of Youth. each of which to-day lays claim to the high antiquity of 

being the identical "spring in which the great Spaniard 
performed his ablutions. History informs us, however, that nowhere 
could he find this mythical fountain of youth ; but who will deny that 
had he extended his search northward his fondest hopes might have 
been realized, had he landed upon the island where— quoting the lines of 
the late Col. William E. Potter, of Bridgeton, N. J.— 

Where the long: surges heave and break, 

Foamin.c:, upon the glittering shore, 

And laughing maidens often take 

A " header" 'midst the breakers' roar; 

Where zephyrs gently woo the toiler, 

And nights are mild and skies are clear, 

And on the housewife's kitchen broiler 

The soft-shell crab doth oft appear ; 

Where hops abound and bugles blare, 

And Roman nobles, in the busy street. 

Incognito, with monkeys fare, 

Grinding their daily music sweet ; 

Where agile oysters, mild, serene. 

On beds of moss recline, and lobsters wise 

Live pinchingly ; and pearly sheen 

Of hake and flounder wins the flies ; 

And the mosquito's monotone, 

Beyond the woven window-bar. 

Prevents our feeling quite alone — 

He is so near and yet so far ; 

Where, by the heaving sea, the fakir's booth 

Is found ere yet the summer's gone, — 

Pours forth the fountain of eternal youth, 

The spring of ancient Ponce Leon. 

* Millions of American school-children have been taught that Ponce de Leon discov- 
ered Florida on Easter Sunday, March 27, 1512, and that he gave the country its floral name 
because Easter lilies were then and there in beautiful bloom. But this sacred date, with its 
sweet and flowery adornment, must in these later days be extirpated from our historic annals ; 
for we are now informed by Mr. Fox— with his myth-destroying mathematics— that Easter 
Sunday in the year 1512 "did not fall on the 27th of March. Thus it is that history is 
written — and rewritten — and then unwritten ! 



ik_. 



■f^ 




5S % 



Ta/cs of tJic Olden Time. 53 



The old Castilian left his home, 

The vine-clad hills of distant Spain, 

A thousand leagues of sea to roam ; 

To hrave the heat, the cold, the pain 

Of wounds, the fata! poisoned dart. 

The march through swamp and tangled wood. 

The ambush dark, the fear, the start 

Of keen surprise when the wild Indian stood, 

Stern, painted, cruel, before him. 

But undismayed by wounds or death. 

His loved lost youth to restore him. 

Aged, weak and worn, with failing breath, 

He searched, without the glorious sight 

Of the famed spring, now flowing free, 

Pure and wholesome, sparkling and bright. 

In our gay City by the Sea.* 

The old Castilian died long before the feet of white men trod the soil 
whereon Atlantic City was founded, but the wonderful life-giving atmos- 
phere of this beach, if not the identical fountain of youth, was discovered 
by Jean LeBarre, a Frenchman, who visited this country after the 
Revolution. 

LeBarre published an account of his travels, in which he spoke of the 
exceptional dryness of the atmosphere on Absecon beach, having visited 
this island in September, 1787, to enjoy the excellent gunning and fishing. 
He added that in all his travels (and he was a great 
'* Auld Lang Syne.'^ traveler) he had only found one other place in the 
world, on the seacoast, that could be compared with 
this island in the matter of climate. Still, for lack of inhabitants, it was a 
dreary place in those early days. One who was familiar with the island, 
as a visitor, before it was touched with the iron wand of that modern ma- 
gician, the railroad, describes it as a place " more dismal than the deserts 
of Arabia." On the beach nothing interrupted the monotonous sough of 
the sea but the quack of the wild goose, the cry of the curlew, or the shrill 
scream of the gull. On the meadow side, of a summer evening, when bab- 
bling day was touched by the hem of night's garment, there was a perfect 
realization of peaceful solitude. The sun, resting upon the horizon, flushed, 
with his last rosy rays, the surface of the creeks and bays ; and the drop- 
ping of an oar by a mooring boatman, or the whistling of a boy in the 
sedge grass, served only to emphasize the stillness and solitude of the scene. 

Nevertlieless, in those days of long ago the island was occasionally 
the scene of mirth unrestrained. The country folk — those living on the 
mainland— had what were known as "beach parties." They came in 
boats, and, having rounded Rum Point, in the Inlet, they hoisted their flag 
at the masthead as a signal to Aunt Judith Adams. She was the c/ief of 
the island, and by that sign they conquered her larder. When Aunt 
Judith saw the flag she busied herself preparing dinner for the party. 

These beach parties were the "events of the season" in those days. 
Dr. T. K. Reed, in his reminiscences of the early days, tells us that 
down on the beach, at low tide, they danced to the soul-stirring strains of 
" Fischer's Hornpipe," discoursed by a single fiddle. There was none of 
your mincing and smirking, but genuine fun and frolic — a regular jump-up- 
and-down, cross-over- Jonathan, and figure-in- Jemima terpsichorean fling ! 
At high tide thev all bathed. The hilarity of the occasion culminated when 
the young men of the party carried the blushing and screaming maidens 

* The concluding lines in the above refer to the artesian wells in Atlantic City, which 
began flowing in 1889, and furnished water that was "pure and wholesome, sparkling and 
bright." On returning to Spain, Ponce de Leon spoke of an Island which he had not seen, 
but of which he had heard, containing a fountain which could make old men young. This 
story so fascinated Peter Martyr that he wrote of it to the Pope, argued its credibility and 
afterward drew a map showing where the wonderful fountain might probably be found. 




Residence of A. M. Jordan— Snellenberg Cottage, States Avenue — Park House. 



Talcs of the Oldcn Time. 



55 



to the top of the steep sand-hills, and, tying their feet together, rolled them 
down to the water's edge. 

Where shall we find, in the refinement of the present age, a sufficient 
compensation for the loss of this rude form of jollitv? Thev had no bath- 
houses in those days, both sexes going among the sand-hillslo disrobe, in 
time this came to be regarded as inconvenient and embarrassing ; where- 
fore, some liberal spirits engaged Uncle Ryan Adams to build them a bath- 
house. When they came to the beach the next time they started down to 
take a dip in the surf, and, when nearly there, it occurred to one of the 
party that they had forgotten the key to the bath-house, and forthwith a 
messenger was sent back to fetch the key. He returned in a few minutes, 
saying there was no lock on the door. Reaching the spot indicated by Uncle 
Ryan, the party found, to their dismay, that the new " building ""^ was a 
frail structure made entirely of brush, with the blue canopy of heaven for a 
roof. But it answered their purpose, and that style of bath-house remained 
in vogue until after the birth of Atlantic City, when Joshua Note converted 
an old wreck into the first frame bath-house, near the foot of Massachusetts 
avenue. Abreast of the primitive bath-house was the wreck of the " Vano- 
linda," and at various points along the beach there were thirteen other wrecks. 

Glorious, indeed, to the country folk, at least, were those davs of 
" Auld Lang Syne ! " And the city wight, no less than the country swain, 
was not averse to that form of summer outing. He loved the city and its 
busy hum ; he loved the excitement of the crowd at home, the absence of 
those curious eyes and idle tongues characteristic of rustic life ; but he loved 
the seashore, too, and there was no scene over which his eves roved with 
greater pleasure than the face of a summer landscape bv the sea. Hither 
he came to fish, to hunt, to bathe. His joy of youthfufsport, in summer 
time, was to be borne on the breast of the ocean"'; from a boy be wantoned 
with her breakers, and he became, as it were, a child of the sea ! To him 
the roar of the ocean, no less than the voice of the brook or the language of 
the winds and woods, was not a poetic fiction. Being a student of Nature, 
as well as a lover of youthful sports, he read a well-taught lesson in the 
opening bud of spring ; an eloquent homily in the fall of the autumnal leaf. 
The song of a bird, the cry of a passing curlew, represented the glad but 
transitory days of youth ; the hollow tree or the hooting owl, the decav and 
imbecilitv of old age. 

ji i^ j(J 

On January 7, 1804, Jeremiah Leeds made his first purchase of land 
on the beach. A second purchase was made on March 6, 1805, and a 
third on July 5th following. In March, 1807, he purchased one acre of 

land on the mainland for a " building lot," from 

The First Permanent which it may be interred that he had not vet become 

Settlement. a permanent resident of the island ; but there are 

other records which indicate a residence on the island 
as early as i795> transient, it may be, at first, but permanent about the 
year 1800. On April i, 1816, he leased to John Bryant a lot of land on 
the north side of the island, " with the privilege of erecting a dwelling 
house and salt-works, and of pasturing two cows and team for the 
works." These salt-works were in operation more than twenty-five vears, 
and the average yield of salt, when properlv attended, was eight hundred 
bushels per annum. At this time Leeds doubtless owned all the land east- 
ward of Dry Inlet. 

The " Chamberlin tract "of 131 acres was owned by James Ireland, 
Thomas Latham and Christian Holscom [Holdzkom] in the latter part of 
the eighteenth century, when they conveyed it to Thomas Chamberlin, and 



56 



Hesto7i ' >? Ha nd-Book. 



the heirs of the latter sold it to Francis McManus in 1852. With the 
exception of this tract, Jeremiah Leeds owned the whole island (claiming it 
and being in possession) as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century. 
Leeds' home was originally in the vicinity of Missouri and Arctic 
avenues, but he afterwards built a house at the eastern end of the island. 
Here he raised corn and rye, and the harvests were so abundant that it was 
a common saying among the shallop-men, who came here for grain, that 
they were "going down into Egypt to buy corn." He gave considerable 




attention to the raising of stock and made willing sales of three-year-old 
steers at eight dollars each. As late as 1835 he paid only thirty cents a day 

^"^ ^ ^^' HOW THE "OLD TIMERS" LIVED. 

At a bank dinner held in Atlantic City in January, i88q, Peter Boice. aged about 
eighty-four, of Absecon, gave a description of Absecon beach, as he knew it when a young 
man of eighteen or twenty. He used to come here to help Jeremiah Leeds reap and harvest 
his grain. "In those days," said he, "the greater portion of the island was sand-hills, 
duci<-ponds, swamps, brier thickets and nesting places for the wild fowl. Many of these 
wild fowl could be killed with clubs, and it is said that they were so numerous at times that 
in lighting upon trees the branches would break. Very few people had guns in those days, 
consequently they resorted to other means of capturing game. They would creep up under 



Talcs of the Oldcu Time 



57 



a tree and pull down a few fat squawks or white heron with long poles having hooks on the 
ends. People nowadays have no idea of the great abundance of game in those days A 
family by the name of Wilson brought a lot of wild rabbits to the island and set them free 
In a few years they became so numerous as to be a nuisance. Foxes were plentiful and 
sometimes killed the little lambs, besides doing much harm in other ways. During the war 
of 1812 coasting vessels used to stop here for supplies of beef. The captains would help 
themselves to Leeds' cattle and pay him theirown price, which was generallv liberal enough 
The whole island could have been bought very cheap then— much less than the price of 
a single cottage lot to-day. Leeds' occupation was the raising of cattle and Rrain. and 
though he lived a lonely life, he generally had an abundance. He took his grain to mill 
on the mainland in boats." Mr. Boice died in 1892. His son Henrv Boice was also a 




resident of Absecon. and a gentleman of wide influence. He died on March iq, iSqg. 

Previous to 1854, says another "old timer," immense flocks of snipe and ducks 
settled in the ponds, especially in the vicinity of Arctic and North Carolina avenues. The 
district between Maryland and South Carolina avenues, from Atlantic to the meadows, was 
known as " Squawktown," on account of the large number of squawks which nightly 
roosted there. The land was low and swampv, and was covered with an undergrowth of 
bushes, vines and briers. About i8;i5 Jeremiah Leeds fired into a flock of these birds at 
this point and killed forty-eight. Besides quail, rabbits and foxes, there were, at that time, 
minks, muskrats, loggerheads, terrapins and snakes— black snakes, garter snakes and 
adders. Strange to say. there were no lizards or bull-frogs. The frogs made their 
appearance after the founding of the city. 

Jeremiah Leeds' first home on the island was a log-house, built where the Reading 
railroad tracks now cross Arctic avenue. Till the narrow-gauge road was built a cedar-tree 



58 



Hcston ' s Ha nd-Book. 




Old-time Home of John Leeds. 



marked the site of the old fireplace of this log-house. This log-hut was torn down after Leeds 
had built a new and better one near the Inlet, at the intersection of Baltic and Massachusetts 

avenues. It was built of good 
cedar logs, shingled on the out- 
side and sealed with plowed and 
1^% .--.^ grooved boards inside. It had 

»" ~^ "'^~^~-~ ' two rooms below and plenty of 

W4 chamber rooms above. This 

house was used as a shed and 

storeroom when a larger frame 

house was built at a later date. 

It was finally torn down in 1853, 

^ and the cedar logs were convert- 

fe I f ^•f"' j ~^ ed into shingles. 

^ \ ^ ? The third house was built 

about 1815. It was the home of 
Andrew Leeds, son of Jeremiah, 
and is still standing near the 
Drawbridge as a part of the 
Island House property. A view 
of this old house is shown 
opposite page 35. 

The fourth house was built 
at the old salt-works, where the 
Inlet now flows. It was occupied 
by John Bryant until John Horner 
came to this island from Tucker- 
ton and operated ihe salt-works, 
Bryant going to Absecon. This 
house is now a part of the home of the late Irving Lee on Pennsylvania avenue. Ryan 
Adams was the next to build a house on theChamberlin tract, at Delaware and Arctic avenues. 
It is still standing, but not on the old site. The fust city election was held at this house. The 
sixth house was built by John Leeds, son of Andrew, near Arctic and Indiana Aves. The sev- 
enth house was built by James, a brother of John Leeds. It was near Michigan and Arctic 
avenues. The eighth and ninth houses were built by Robert B. Leeds above Baltic, between 
Rhode Island and Massachusetts avenues, about 1852. These were all the houses on this 
island when the city was incorporated and the railroad finished in 1854. 

In 1838 Jeremiah Leeds died and his lands descended to his children : 
Rubanna Conover, Rachel Steelman, Andrew Leeds, Judith Leeds, after- 
wards Judith Hackett, Chalkley S. Leeds and Robert B. Leeds. The mother 
of the Leeds progeny at this tinie kept the old Atlantic House as a tavern for 
oystermen and traders, it stood near Baltic and Massachusetts avenues. 

Less than fifty years ago the 
island was so uninviting that 
when the project to make a 
summer resort was instituted, the 
idea was ridiculed as being utterly 
impracticable. Said a conserva- 
tive old capitalist: "Callitasand- 
patch, a desolation, a swamp, 
a mosquito territory, but do not 
talk to me about any city in such 
a place as that. In the first place, 
you can't build a city there, and, 
in the second place, if you did, 
you couldn't get anybody to go 
there." The conservative old 
capitalist was in due time gath- 
ered unto his fathers, and the 
enterprising men who set to work 
to plant a city have had the sat- 
isfaction of seeing more than 
their most sanguine expectations 
realized. 

Old-time Home of James Leeds. 





-Xi 



'^„ 



* 



^^^ ~^.; 






Queen of the Coast. 




BSE CON ISLAND experienced so few 
changes during the first half of the nine- 
teenth century, the few inhabitants were so 
staid in their ways, and the trade was so 
limited that there is but little which the histo- 
rian can amplify into importance. During 
that period little progress was made on the 
island in improvements. No matter if the 
sun rose and set along the glistening beach, 
giving out its beauty and geniality from 
dawn to dark, to pioneer Leeds it gave no 
hint of healthfulness nor promise of a future 
city. In time the mainland became more 
populous and the beach more inviting in the 
summer time. Instead of a sportsman's 
cabin there came a dwelling house or two, 
then more houses, and by and by a city 
was born. She grew in beauty and pro- 
portions, and, like a beautiful woman, was 
admired of men. 

The island began to awaken from its 
slumbering obscurity in the early part of 1852, when Samuel Richards, a 
glass manufacturer of New Jersey, laboring under the difficulties produced 
by almost impassable roads and consequent delays in transportation of 
goods to Philadelphia, conceived the "idea of starting a rail- 
Building of road. Besides this plan for increasing his own business 
the City, facilities, he also proposed to make the new road an outlet 
from Philadelphia to the sea. His associates were Dr. Jona- 
than Pitney, Hon. Andrew K. Hay, Stephen Colwell, John C. DaCosta, 
Joseph Porter, William Coffm and Enoch Doughty. 

HOW THE PROJECT STARTED. 

Thomas Richards, father of Samuel Richards, as early as 1829, became the owner of 
a larfje tract of land at a place then called Jackson, a small villasje on the Camden & 
Atlantic Railroad. On this land Thomas founded a glass-works, in which his son Samuel 
became a partner some time before 1850. The manufacture of glass at that place required 
manv teams to do the heavy hauling to and from the works, at a very considerable expense. 

Mr. Richards was anxious to increase his facilities and reduce the expense of making 
and delivering glass. About 1850 he began to talk of having a railroad built from Camden 
to Jackson. 

Joseph Porter was then making glass at Waterford and was the owner of some 6000 
acres of land at that place. William Coffin and Andrew K. Hay were making glass at Wins- 
low, and owned a tract of land. W. W. Fleming was active at Atsion and owned the half of 
about 60,000 acres. William Coffin and John Hammonton Coffin had been, not long before 
that, interested in the old glass-works at Hammonton and owned a considerable tract of land 
at that place. Jesse Richards was making glass and iron at Batsto and owned some 50,000 
acres. Stephen Colwell and Walter D. Bell were owners of nearly 100,000 acres of land and 
were making iron pipes at Weymouth. General Enoch Doughty owned some 20,000 to 30,000 
acres of land near Absecon. "Mr. Doughty owned saw-mills and was interested in lumber- 
ing. Jonathan Pitney was a practicing physician at Absecon and owned a tract of 500 
acres at what was then called "Sailor Boy," near the station now called Elwood. As a 

(59) 



6o //t'sfivi's Hand-Book. 

physician of large practice on the mainland from English Creek to Port Republic, Dr. Pitney 
\vas a gentleman of large intluence in that region. 

Mr. Richards was a gentleman of tireless energy. In emergencies he was known to 
have worked twenty consecutive hours per day for days in succession. His perseverance 
accomplished results that most people would have regarded as impossible. His project was 
pushed with so much energy that all the gentlemen aoove mentioned became interested and 
in the earlv part of 1S52 resolved to build a railroad to Absecon beach. 

Richard Osborne was the engineer who laid out and built the road. From a letter 
written by Mr. Osborne under date of January iS, 1S06, we quote : " Having been con- 
nected with the incorporators before the organization of the railroad company, and having 
acted from the first as their engineer and contractor until after the completion of the road 
and laying out of Atlantic City, I ought to be able to give the earliest and fullest statement, 
based on personal knowledge. 

" The late Samuel Richards gave to me the first intimation of any intention to con- 
struct a railroad to the sea, in a letter dated May 22, 1852, to which I replied in person, 
bv going from Tamaqua to Philadelphia, and after conferring with Mr. Richards I accom- 
panied him on the 24th of the same month and was introduced to several other interested 
gentlemen. According to Mr. Richards' previous arrangement with me, a preliminary sur- 
vey of the lines was ordered by the incorporators. This survey was completed on the i8th 
of June and submitted to Mr. Richards and his friends: after which the railroad company 
was organized and the location of the railroad ordered to be made by the directors. 

'"Mr. Richards made the first estimate of the probable business of the projected road 
and used it as an argument in favor of the organization of the company and construction of 
the railroad. Someof the objects Mr. Richards had in view in urging the building of this 
road were: First, to secure the advantage of railroad transportation for his Jackson Glass 
Works; second, to con%ert large tracts of waste land, of which he and other branches of 
the family were owners, into a productive area ; and, third, to open up Southern New Jersey, 
by establishing an attractive terminal at the sea for bathing and general recreation." 

The first projecting visit to the solitary marshes and sand-hills of what 
is now Atlantic Citv was made in the early part of i8;2 : an act of incor- 
poration was obtained and in September o'f the same year a contract was 
awarded for the construction of a railroad between the Delaware river and 
Absecon beach. The engineer was Richard B. Osborne. 

NAMING THE CITY'S STREETS. 

The streets of At'antic City, as originally laid out, were dedicated to public use by 
deed and map dated April 15. 185:;. The deed is signed by the principal land-owners, 
namelv, Chalkley S. Leeds, Robert B. Leeds, William Neleigli, Daniel L. Collins, Richard 
Hackett, John Leeds, Steelman Leeds, D. D. Rhodes, J. N. Michener and William Coffin, 
the last named representing the Camden & Atlantic Railroad Company. The railroad 
companv wished to have Atlantic avenue 150 feet wide and the cross avenues 75 feet, but 
the land-owners objected, and finally, against their own judgment, and in spite of the pro- 
tests of their engineer, Mr. Osborne, the company yielded to the demands of the land- 
owners. The width of .Atlantic avenue was reduced to 100 feet and most of the other ave- 
nues to 50 and 60 feet. At the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding 
of the city, in June, iStq, Mr. Osborne was called upon, as 'the only man li\ing who was 
actively connected with both the building of the railroad and the laying out of the city," to 
give a'historv of the resort. That history was published at the time in full or part by 
the Philadelphia papers. In his work of laying out the citv, Mr. Osborne was assisted by 
a Mr. Stack and Daniel Morris. The latter subsequently became the first surveyor of 
Atlantic Citv. He invested largelv in real estate and amassed a considerable fortune. He 
died in December, 1808, leaving $50,000 to a Catholic orphanage which he had previously 
founded at Hopewell, near Trenton. He also bequeathed many thousands of dollars to va- 
rious Catholic institutions in Philadelphia. To the surprise of many persons, no individuals, 
churches or institutions in Atlantic City were beneficiaries under his will. 

The railroad to Absecon Island was completed and passenger trains 
were run on it for the first time on Julv i, 1854- Meanwhile, Bedloe's 
Hotel and a little house called the Cottage Retreat had been erected, and 
the United States Hotel was so nearly completed that the first excursion- 
ists, numbering about six hundred, were given dinner there. The next 
vear the Surf House, Congress Hall, and two cottages on Tennessee ave- 
nue went up. These were followed bv the Mansion House and Schaufler's 
Hotel. 

FA.MOLS OLD-TIME HOTELS. 

The Surf House occupied the square bounded by Kentucky, Illinois, Atlantic and 
Pacific avenues. It was torn down in 1880. Congress Hall was located at the corner of 
Pacific and .Massachusetts avenues, extending towards Connecticut and Atlantic avenues. 




Uid- Time Iron Forge on the Mainland. 



Queen of the Coast. 6i 

It disappeared in 1898. The United States Hotel and lawn was bounded by Atlantic and 
Pacific, Maryland and Delaware avenues. About 1890 the hotel was removed to the Pacific 
avenue front and much of the land converted into buildinjr lots. The building was finally 
razed in 1900. Schaufler's Hotel site was bounded by North Carolina, South Carolina, Arc- 
tic and Railroad avenues fronting on the last named. It was torn down in 1900. The Man- 
sion House occupied what was at one time considered a very eligible hotel site at the 
corner of Atlantic and Pennsylvania avenues. The property was purchased by the Atlantic 
City National Bank and torn down in 1899. 

As an adjunct to, and arising out of the railroad company, the Cam- 
den & Atlantic Land Company was organized and chartered. This 
company purchased the land of the Leeds family for seventeen dollars and 
fifty cents per acre. The money was paid over"^in old Aunt Hannah Shil- 
lingworth's Hotel in Absecon. Then began the rise in values that has 
made so many people rich, though, with the usual irony of fate, the de- 
scendants of the original owners and settlers are still poor. Most of the land 
is now valued at over one hundred dollars per lineal foot, and some of it at 
over one thousand dollars a lineal foot. The same land was purchased by 
Jeremiah Leeds at forty cents an acre. 

The city was incorporated on March 3, 1854, but the 
Forty Years of name " Atlantic City " was adopted more than a year 
Rapid Progress, previous. The names of "Ocean City," " Seabeach," 
1854 to 1894 " Surfing," " Strand," and " Bath " had been suggested, 

but when a map of the proposed resort was unrolled at 
a meeting of the railroad company in January, 1853, it was found that 
the engineer, Mr. Osborne, had lettered it "Atlantic City," and this title 
was at once approved by the board. 

BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY. 

The act of 1854 fixed the western boundary of the city at California avenue. The 
present boundaries were fixed by the act of April 2. 1869, and are as follows : " Beginning at 
a point in the Atlantic Ocean, as far as the jurisdiction of the State extends, and on a line 
with the east side of Dry Inlet; thence easterly along the boundary line of the State to a 
line at right angles witti the east side of Absecom Inlet, at high'water; thence westerly 
along the east side of said inlet to a point opposite and at right angles with the west bank of 
Clam Thoroughfare ; thence southerly along the west bank of said Thoroughfare, to its 
intersection with Beach Thoroughfare ; thence southerly along the east bank of said Beach 
Thoroughfare to the intersection of the aforesaid line on the east side of Dry Inlet; and 
thence along said line to the place of beginning." This description includes within the 
city limits the tract now known as Chelsea Heights, between Beach Thoroughfare and 
Inside Thoroughfare. 

It will be noticed that the sou'hern boundary is in the Atlantic Ocean " as far as the 
jurisdiction of the State extends," which means at least three miles seaward from the 
Boardwalk. By the modern law of nations, the territorial waters extend to such distance as 
is capable of command from the shore, or the presumed range of a cannon, which, for the 
purpose of certainty, is regarded as a marine league, or three miles. According to some 
writers, a state or nation may extend its jurisdiction seaward with the increased range of a 
cannon (now about ten miles), and from their standpoint we may assume that the southern 
boundary of Atlantic City is ten miles seaward from the Boardwalk. 

This question of boundary was settled in 1887 bv Vice-Chancellor Alfred Reed, who 
was then a Judge of the Supreme Court. Several mechanics' liens were filed against the 
Howard Pier, which then extended into the ocean from the foot of Kentucky avenue. The 
defense set up that the State's jurisdiction did not extend below low-water mark, and there- 
fore the courts could not pass upon the case or enforce the authority of a decree. 

Judge Reed, in a very lengthy opinion, quoted copiously from English and American 
authorities bearing on the subject, and said : — 

" My conclusion is that the State of New Jersey holds the land and water with all the 
rights appertaining thereto to a line at least three miles distant from the low-water mark of 
the ocean." 

This decision has been quoted since in other cases and is the accepted law of the State. 

It is evident, therefore, that the city has authority beyond the low-water mark, and 
control of the land underwater at least three miles from the shore. The federal government 
exercises jurisdiction in so far as navigation and fisheries are concerned over the marine 
league, but all other rights are reserved by the State. 

The beach front of Atlantic City has under,gone a considerable change since the time 
of the first survey in 1852. The Ligfithouse was for years threatened with destruction by 
the encroaching waters of the Inlet, until the Government built a series of jetties in 1876, 
thereby diverting the currents. S-nce then other jetties have been built and considerable 



62 



Hcston' s Hand -Book. 



land reclaimed. A conservative estimate of what would be the present value of lands in the 
vicinity of the Inlet— lands that were once high and dry and covered with a thick growth of 
cedars, but now washed by the tides, is a million and a quarter of dollars. In other words, 
building sites which to-day would sell for $1,250,000, have been washed away by the currents 
of Absecon Inlet. 

But while abrasion has taken place at one point, accretion has gone on at another, so 
that, to some extent at least, what has been one man's loss has been another man's gain. 
The present site of the Sea Side House, at the foot of Pennsylvania avenue, was washed by 
the tides as recently as 1870, and farther down the beach the sea covers the site of lots for 
which deeds were riecorded as late as 1876. From New Jersey avenue down to Chelsea the 
present value of the accretions— the lands "thrown up" by the sea or the gift of Prov- 
idence — is seven and a quarter millions of dollars. Deducting the $1,250,000 loss from the 
$7,250,000 gain, and we have a net gain of $6,000,000. 

id d ^ 

The first election was held on May i, 1854, when eighteen votes were 
cast in a cigar-box, secured with yellow tape. A small hole had been cut 
in the lid of the box, and through this the ballots were dropped. The city 
government then consisted of a mayor, recorder, aldermen, six councilmen, 
tax collector, treasurer, constable and marshal. Chalkley S. Leeds was 
elected the first mayor. 

At one of the first meetings of City Council it was ordered " that a 
seal, with appropriate design, be obtained for Atlantic City." For a num- 
ber of months, at every meeting of Council, the committee appointed to 
secure the seal reported "progress." Finally, on December 11, 1855, the 
long-expected seal was reported to have arrived— at Absecon. The com- 
mittee was continued, but there is no further trace of the seal in the record. 
Just how or when it " arrived " in Atlantic City is not known, but it was 
of very ordinary design. At the suggestion of the writer, in a communica- 
tion to City Council, the present seal was adopted by a resolution of that 
body, February i, 1897. it was used for the first time on the City Improve- 
ment Bonds, dated January 15, 1897, and issued shortly after the adoption 
of the new seal.* 




in November, 1855, Chalkley S. Leeds was re-elected mayor, but 
becoming weary of the honors of office, he resigned six months later, and 



* The Atlantic City Daily Press of January 13, 1897, said : " Comptroller A. M. Heston 
says the present city seal is a disgrace to Atlantic City. ' The man who made it mistook his 
calling,' said he yesterday. ' He ought to have been a potato-digger or a charcoal-burner.' 



Queen of the Coast. 63 

in April, iSqC, Council elected John G. W. Avery to fill the unexpired term. 

The city authorities struggled bravely with the difficulties before them, 

and before the close of the year they had effected a noticeable 

Ante-Bellum change in the topography of the' island, especially in the 

Days. vicinity of Absecon Inlet. Hills were cut down, ponds filled, 

ditches dug, and streets built, it is said that about this time 

one man contracted to cut down a hill and another was engaged to fill up 

a hollow. By a clever arrangement, the former fulfilled his contract by 

permitting the latter to cut away the hill and deposit the sand in his hole. 

To pay for these improvements city scrip was issued to the amount of 

$1500, dated February 15, 1856. 

Several vears elapsed before the city began to attract attention, even 
in Philadelphia. Some who had become interested despaired of success 
and abandoned further efforts to build up the resort. The railroad com- 
pany struggled through adversities, hoping for that success which was 
sure to come in later years. 

In 1857 the excursion house was located on Atlantic avenue between 
New York and Kentucky, north side, and it remained here until a building 
at the foot of Missouri avenue was erected in 1870. A long platform was 

The Comptroller showed an impression of the sea! on a piece of paper, and the reporter 
read : 

ATLANTIC CITY. 

Incorporated 

March, i8. 

1854. 

NEW. JERSEY. 

'Such punctuation as that,' continued the Comptroller, 'would be discreditable to the lowest 
grade of our Atlantic City public schools. When I showed it to a gentleman the other day, 
he said it reflected the intelligence of the men who once governed Atlantic City, but it is 
difficult to believe that the voters of Atlantic City ever elected to office a man so utterly 
ignorant of the first principles of punctuation. No matter who is at fault in the punctuation, 
the important fact is that every official document issued by the city of Atlantic City is an 
advertisement of somebody's ignorance. The city ought to have a new seal at once, and in 
the center should be the coat of arms. Around this coat of arms should be encircled the 
usual lettering— "City of Atlantic City— Incorporated March i8, 1854." On the new issue 
of Boardwalk bonds you will see a design for a city seal in line with what I have suggested, 
and adapted to Atlantic City.' " 

Two weeks later, at a meeting of City Council, on February i, 1897, Councilman 
Edward S. Lee introduced a resolution adopting the new design as the seal of Atlantic City. 
Subsequently it was discovered that this new seal, as well as the old one, bore a date that 
was historically incorrect. The Atlantic City Daily Press of October 25, 1898, said : 
" The man who designed the present seal of Atlantic City, whoever he was. made a curious 
mistake. He inscribed on the seal the date, March 18, 1854, as the date of the city's incor- 
poration ; but as a matter of fact the proper date should be March ^, 1854. Just how the 
mistake occurred no one knows, but the fact remains that for nearly half a century every 
legal document has been stamped with a seal that is historically incorrect. The discovery 
was made a short time ago by City Comptroller Heston, and was brought to the attention of 
Council last night in the following communication : 

"'Atlantic City, October 17. 1898. 
" 'To THE President and Members of City Council. 

'" Gentlemen:— \r\ view of the fact that the city of Atlantic City is about issuing 
Paving and Crematory bonds, permit me to suggest the advisability of procuring a new city 
seal, with the correct date of incorporation engraved thereon. 

" ' The present and all former seals of Atlantic City give the date of incorporation as 
March 18, 1854, whereas the correct date is March ^di. I made this discovery in going over 
the records at Trenton, and have a letter from Hon. George Wurts, Secretary of State, in 
confirmation of my statement, in which he says : " In reply to your request 1 have to say 
that the act to incorporate Atlantic City was approved March 3, 1854, and went into effect 
immediately." 

" 'The fact that all legal documents heretofore issued by Atlantic City have been 
stamped with a seal bearing the wrong date of incorporation should not be accepted as a 
sufficient excuse for continuing the error, and I therefore suggest a new city seal.' 

"Council immediately took steps to rectify the mistake by authorizing the Comp- 
troller to have a new seal made bearing the correct date of incorporation." 



64 Hcston' s Hand-Book. 

built along Atlantic avenue, for the convenience of day excursionists. The 
railroad track at that time did not extend below Illinois avenue. The plat- 
form referred to was the cause of the first difficulty between the railroad 
officials and the city authorities. The former claimed that they had full 
control of the avenue. Litigation followed and was continued until 1881, 
when the difficulties were adjusted by the passage of an ordinance on June 
13th of that year. This ordinance provided that the company should con- 
struct and maintain two tracks on Atlantic avenue the whole length of the 
same, in consideration of which the company should keep the avenue clean 
and in good repair and furnish a suftkient"^ quantity of sand and gravel, 
free of cost to Atlantic City, to build Atlantic avenue to grade from curb to 
curb wheresoever the company's tracks should be extended, from Georgia 
avenue southwestward. 

ENCROACHMENTS OF THE SEA. 

Between 1855 and 1865 the lower end of Brig:antine beach, now low and flat and swept 
by nearly every high tide, was hi.8:h and hilly. The sea and Inlet currents together began 
to play havoc with the beach at the head of Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific avenues, and at one 
time the security of the Lighthouse was seriously imperiled, the waves at high water curl- 
ing around its foundation stones. Then it was that the Government built jetties extending 
into the Inlet at different angles. 

Immense cribs of solid timber were built, lowered into the Inlet and filled with great 
masses of rock that sank and formed a foundation about which the sand gathered. The 
Camden & Atlantic Railroad built an elevated structure just south of what is now Gram- 
mercy Place, on which to run the cars loaded with rock to where the jetties were in course 
of construction. This elevated structure is now almost covered with sand, and fully two 
blocks of valuable real estate, beautified with handsome cottages, lie between the Light- 
house and the Inlet currents, marking the place where at one time the tides ebbed and 
flowed. 

The summer of i8!;8 witnessed a plague of green-head flies, gnats and 

mosquitoes, and hundreds of persons who would have remained here 

returned home, unable to endure the torment of these insects. 

The Civil The breaking out of the civil war in i86[ retarded the 

"War Period, growth of Atlantic City. Progressive and patriotic people 

were resolved to save the nation rather than build a city. 

During the early part of the civil war the Republicans living on the island formed a 
secret organization, called the Union League, of which Lewis Evans was chosen president. 
It was principally a literary association. The Union League retained its organization until 
1869, when it was superseded by the Atlantic City Literary Association. "This society," 
says A. L. English, "was non-part izan, and all persons, including ladies, were invited to join. 
* * * Among those most prominent in the debates were Newton Keim, John J. Gardner 
(afterwards mayor, state senator and congressman). Dr. Thomas K. Reed, Jacob Keim 
(assemblyman), Levi C. Albertson (postmaster and county collector), D. W. Belisle (mayor), 
S. R. Morse (school-teacher and county superintendent). Gideon Grill and others. The 
winter days were chiefly spent in preparation for these mental contests. * * * Another 
interesting and profitable feature was the journal read at each meeting. The editorship, 
which lasted a week only, was assigned to any person the president might select. Commu- 
nications were solicited, and that the modest beginner might be encouraged, the name of 
the author, if desired, was kept secret. The association held winter sessions of varying 
interest and success until 1880, when, to the misfortune of the community, it was permitted 
to disband." 

WEBSTER-HAYNE LITERARY SOCIETY. 

Not until i8q7 was there an organization in Atlantic City similar to the Atlantic Citv 
Literary Association of 1862-1880. On January 22, 1897. the " Webster-Hayne Literary 
Society" was organized by the pupils of the Atlantic City High School. This society 
meets on the last Friday afternoon of each month during the school >ear, for the discussion 
of questions of public interest by pupils of the High School, the girls having equal part 
with the boys in these debates. The meetings are largely attended by friends of the pupils 
and the debates are usually very interesting and profitable to old as well as young. The 
members of the society have had tlie encouragement and assistance of Mr. H. P. Miller, 
the principal of the High School. The present membership is 150. Among the more active 
members, since the organization of the society in 1897, have been : Presidents. — Messrs. 
Leon Albertson, Frederick Reid. William Alcorn, Benj. Z. Hann, Norwood Griscom and 
Eugene Wiltbank. Leaders of Glee Oud.— Misses Carrie Turner, Nan Scull and Amanda 
Rothholz. lliiih-School Quartette.— Messrs. Eugene Schwinghammer, Lewis Mathis, 
Norwood Griscom and Howard North. 



i 



rv- r. r- .^ 



.' r#' ^* |_, 






Queen of the Coast. 65 

In addition to the above the foliowin? have been active in the debates, etc. : Homer 
Silvers Harriet Armstrong;. George Muller. Caroline Giltinan, Leira Conover. Andrew 
Steelman Ida Tavlor, Chester Brown, Ordelle Conover, Herman Sorin, John Ries, Richard 
Bew, Lillian Scull, Carrie Cramer. Adele Giltinan. Marion Mundy. William Haupt, Henry 
Philo, James Hayes, Mildred Rundall and Mary Leyman. 



d <5 d 

No seaside resort in the world has grown as rapidly as Atlantic City, 
and none stands on a more secure foundation for future prosperity. In the 
development of the resort the railroads have played a very important part. 
In T876 the increasing importance of the place made another railroad desir- 
able, and the Philadelphia & Atlantic City Railroad Company was 
incorporated. The construction was commenced in April, 1877, and the 
first through train was run on July 25th of the same year. It is now oper- 
ated bv what is commonly known as the Reading Company, of Philadel- 
phia. The competing facilities offered by this road have been of the greatest 
benefit to the citv, and have aided materiallv in the development of the 
place. Earlv in the spring of 1880 the West Jersey Division of the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad extended its line to Atlantic City. The opening of the 
West Jersey was of exceptional benefit to the city, since a direct route to 
New York Citv, without change of cars, was thereby afforded. Some 
years afterwards the Pennsylvania Railroad Company built a bridge across 
the Delaware above Camden and began running through trains to Phila- 
delphia and the West, by this route, on April 19, 1896. 

The advancement of Atlantic City during the last decade has been 
unprecedented in the history of watering places and health resorts, and as 
the citv has grown, literally as well as figuratively. 
The Boardwalk— its in actual size as well as population, as a place of 
Inception and History, permanent residence as well as a resort for winter 
1870-1900 and summer, the accommodations for the entertain- 

ment of visitors have increased correspondingly, 
so that now there are over six hundred hotels and boarding places in 
Atlantic Citv. , , , ^ ^ ^, 1 

Skirting the ocean for a distance of four miles, from the Inlet to Chel- 
sea, is a magnificent Boardwalk, with steel girders and columns, twelve 
feet in height and forty feet wide most of the distance. 

The first " Boardwalk " in Atlantic City— the first, indeed, in the world 
—was built in 1870, five thousand dollars being raised for that purpose. 
The venture was regarded in an unfavorable light by many of the con- 
servative citizens, some of whom were large owners of real estate, but the 
younger men carried the project through. 

There was no way at that time for the city to pay for this proposed 
improvement, but citv scrip was issued and held bv Brown & Woelpper, 
owners of the United States Hotel, and lumber merchants in Philadelphia. 
The agreement was that they were to use the scrip for the payment of their 
taxes and license. Subsequently ^qooo of city bonds were sold at a discount 
of 10 per cent., and with this^nonev a Boardwalk was paid for. The 
bonds were redeemed by the city about three years later. This walk was 
eight feet wide, and was completed on June 26, 1870.* 



* On the completion of this Boardwalk City Council passed the following: ordinance : 
"Be it ordained that no building whatever shall be built within thirty feet of said walk and 
none upon the ocean side of said walk unless by permission of City Council, under penaltv of 
$10 for the first offense, and if not removed within three days a second fine of $50 or impris- 
onment for not more than thirty days or both at the discretion of the magistrate before 
whom the case shall be brought." 



66 



Heston' s Hand- Book. 



The second walk was built by authority of a resolution passed by City 
Council in September, 1879. On October 2d the contract for its erection 
was awarded to Henry Disston & Sons, of Philadelphia, and it was com- 
pleted the following spring. It was sixteen feet wide. This walk was 
destroyed by severe storms in the winter of 1883-4, but was rebuilt in a 
more substantial manner in the spring of 1884, at a cost of less than ten 
thousand dollars. Five years later (September 10, 1889), another storm 
made almost a complete wreck of the walk, but before another summer it 
was rebuilt wider, higher and stronger than ever, with an unobstructed 
view on the seaward side. The completion of 
this fourth walk was celebrated with a grand 
torchlight and fireworks procession of citizens, 
secret societies, militia and firemen, on the 
night of May 10, 1890, just eight months, to 
the day, after its destruction. The total cost 
of this improvement, including the purchase of 
land and buildings by condemnation, lawyers' 
fees, etc., was $53,928.50. 




THE BOARDWALK OF TO-DAY. 



\ 



In February, 1896, the act of 1889, by authority of which 
the last Boardwalk had been erected, was amended. It 
authorized a much greater expenditure and provided for 
a structure of steel, iron or wood. The walk then in use 
being too narrow and practically worn out, Council 
decided to erect a new one of steel. The contract was 
awarded to the Phcenix Bridge Company, of Philadelphia, 
and work was begun on April 24, 1896. The formality of 
a public dedication of this new walk was observed on 
July 8, i8g6, when the golden nail was driven by Mrs. 
Stoy, wife of the Mayor. There was a "grand rally" 
on the lawn or park opposite the Hotel Brighton, with 
speeches by Congressman Gardner and others. In the 
evening there was a parade of citizens, military com- 
panies and fire companies, on the Boardwalk, and fire- 
works galore. The walk was not entirely completed until 
the following September, having a temporary railing 
during most of the summer. The entire cost, including 
legal expenses, was $143,986.38. The Chelsea exten- 
sion of this walk was built in the spring of 1898, at a 
cost of about $17,000. 

The old walk from the foot of Vermont avenue north- 
ward was torn down and an improved one was built 
nearer the beach, in 1899-1900, at a cost of about $10,000. 
By a resolution passed August 17, 1896, the name 
of " Boardwalk " was officially given to the present 
elevated structure on the beach ifront of Atlantic City. 
There is no authority for the word "esplanade," some- 
times used by uninformed persons in referring to this 
promenade. The word is a misnomer. Mention the 
Boardwalk anywhere in the world " from China to Peru," 
and every one knows you mean Atlantic City. There is only one Boardwalk on the globe. 
But mention Esplanade or Promenade, and what significance has it? It may mean one at 
Brighton or at Ostend, at Mosquito Beach or at Mummychug-super-Mars. 




Parade Badge 



The Boardwalk is the distinctive feature of Atlantic City. It follows 
the contour of the beach just above the line of high water, and is lighted with 
electric lights its entire length of three and one-third miles. In summer 
time, when the beach is crowded and the Boardwalk thronged with pedes- 
trians, Atlantic City presents a scene of gayety unequaled anywhere else 
in the country. 



o 

o 

SI 

5' 

o" 




Around and About. 



Condensed Historical and General Information about Atlantic City, 
Alphabetically Arranged. 



Atlantis Club.— This social club of gentlemen was organized on March 
4, 1899. The club house is on Illinois avenue between Atlantic and Pacific. 
The membership is limited to two hundred. 

Amusements.— Young's Pier, foot of Tennessee avenue ; Academy 
of Music, Boardwalk near New York avenue ; Empire Theatre, Atlantic 
avenue near Kentucky ; Japanese Tea Garden, Boardwalk near Massa- 
chusetts avenue. 

Banks.— In Atlantic City there are three national banks where letters 
of credit may be made payable— the Atlantic Citv National Bank, the 
Second National Bank and the Union National Bank. There are also two 
safe deposit and trust companies. 

Baptist Church.— This edifice, on Pacific avenue, was completed in 
July, 1882, and enlarged and improved in 1893. It is a neat structure, 
capable of seating about five hundred. The seats are arranged in amphi- 
theatre style. The Bethany Mission, on Atlantic avenue near Georgia, 
was recently organized as a church. 

Brigantine.— On the opposite shore of the Inlet is Brigantine Beach. 
It is reached by yachts and by steamers operated bv the Brigantine Trans- 
portation Company. The trolley road follows the contour of the beach 
to Little Egg Harbor Inlet, a distance of seven miles. The cars are double- 
decked and run swiftly. The road passes the treacherous Brigantine 
Shoals, upon which hundreds of vessels of all kinds have been wrecked, 
accompanied by great loss of life. The charge for the round trip is 
twenty-five cents. 

The thought of going to Brigantine [via the Brigantine Transportation 
Co.] is a pleasure in itself, and to those who have gone it is a pleasant 
and life-long recollection. The bathing is absolutely safe, while the angle 
at which the beach extends into the ocean and its distance from the main- 
land make it peculiarly open to the prevailing winds of summer. Cool 
breezes always favor the island from some quarter, and the facilities for 
boating, sailing and fishing are unsurpassed. Brigantine is the summer 
home of a number of prominent gentlemen and their families. 

This beach, at one time, was one of the choicest places along the coast 
for sportsmen. Blue-fish, flounders, porgies, bass and weak-fish are 
caught in abundance. The adjacent meadows and marshes are alive with 
snipe, curlew, marlin and the whole family of wading birds. Wild geese, 
duck, brants and teal are to be had in large quantities in season. The 
crabbing is exceptionally good, and the bathing superb. The upper end of 
this beach was for many years the breeding place for sea-gulls. Mxriads 
of these birds would congregate there. The eggs were laid in the"sand, 
the nest being a mere hollow, with sometimes a few twigs and leaves. 

Casino.— The Casino is located on the Boardwalk, overlooking the 
sea, near the foot of Indiana avenue. It affords various kinds of amuse- 
ments for adults and all reasonable attractions for the little folks. The sun 
parlors are especially adapted for the use of the many invalids and con- 
valescents who find new life in our health-giving ozone during the spring 
months. On all sides of the assembly room are sun parlors, reading and 
smoking rooms. 

(67) 




Lighthouse and Life Saving Station. 



Around and About. 69 

In the one-story extension at the rear are well-lighted and well-ventilated 
dressing rooms for surf-bathing, luxuriously furnished, hot and cold sea- 
water baths, and also well-appointed dressing rooms for the patrons of the 
adjoining natatorium. This large swimming pool is built of brick, with 
concrete bottom and white-marble sides, and is the finest on this continent. 
Bevond the pool are bowling alleys and shuffle-board parlors. 

The Casino is conducted on the club plan, but admission is by tickets, 
instead of introduction, and the proprietor reserves the right to exclude any 
one for any cause. This is done to make it as select as possible for visitors. 

The subscription is 50 cents a day, or $2.50 a week. This includes 
admisson, day and evening, to the daily concerts and to the dances. The 
cost of the Casino was S?6o,oco. 

Catholic Church.— St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Church was built in 
1856, on Atlantic avenue near Tennessee, in the spring of 1887 the 
building was removed to its present location on Pacific avenue near 
Tennessee. Many changes and improvements were made, and it is now a 
large and verv comfortable church edifice. 

St. Mary's Church edifice, at the corner of Atlantic and Texas avenues, 
was dedicated in 1897. This church was formerly known as St. Monica's, 
and was destroyed by fire December 2, i8q6. 

Children's Seashore House.— This institution was opened in its pres- 
ent location, at the sea end of Ohio avenue, occupying what is now the 
main building, in 1883. Fourteen smaller buildings have since been erected 
within the grounds by visitors at the different hotels, each bearing the 
name of the house by which it was erected. There are now accommoda- 
tions for over one hundred children and about thirty mothers. The object 
of the corporation is to maintain at the seashore an institution in which 
children of the poorer classes, suffering from non-contageous diseases, or 
from debility, incident to the hot weather and a crowded city, may have 
good nursing and medical care, without regard to creed, color or nationality. 
The house is open to visitors Tuesday and Friday mornings from half-past 
nine to half-past ten o'clock, and every afternoon from three to five o'clock. 

Chelsea.— A few blocks below the built-up portion of Atlantic City is 
a select suburb, called Chelsea. It is laid out on a comprehensive scale with 
wide streets and large lots, those fronting on Pacific avenue being sixty 
feet wide, and the corner ones sixty five feet. Restrictions embodied in the 
deeds require all houses to be set back a good distance from the street, and 
prevent them also from being crowded closely together. Only one build- 
ing for dwelling-house purposes is permitted oh each lot. No liquor saloon 
or other undesirable places are allowed in the place, and stringent regula- 
tions govern the drainage arrangements. The Pennsylvania Railroad has 
a station at Chelsea, and both the electric cars and omnibuses convey pas- 
sengers to and from the city proper. 

Country Club House.— The golf links are on the mainland overlook- 
ing Lake's Bay. The city is but twentv minutes distant by motor car. 
Adjoining the links is the shore road, a beautiful highway running amid 
quaint little villages and fine residences. This road extends along the 
entire New Jersey coast from near Sandv Hook to Cape May. A visit 
to the Club House and the Golf Links will appeal not only to those inter- 
ested in the Club, but to those who seek the enjoyment of country club 
life in connection with the charms of the seashore. 

Death-Rate.— The death-rate among residents is less than 10 in 1000, 
which is probably lower than that of any other city in the country. 

In relation to the resident death-rate Dr. M. D. Youngman says : 
*' Thirty per cent, of the number are buried either in remote parts of the 



70 



Heston' s Hand-Book. 



State or in other States, showing that they or their friends were only 
temporary residents, and yet claimed residence here and intended living 
here while the boarding-house business paid, or while they found employ- 
ment as waiters, or as long as their health was conserved. A considerable 
percentage of these waiters are colored, the majority being children. 
Colored people come here for the purpose of doing laundry work and 
waiting, and their children are bottle-fed and neglected. Many of the 
permanent residents are impaired lives, persons who maintain a permanency 
of residence here because they can not live elsewhere on account of some 
impairment of health. The local death-rate from acute diseases is very 




St. James' Episcopal Church. 

low. Of the non-residents the great majority are chronic invalids, many 
of them being in the city but a few days or even hours when they die. 
This is the case with children very frequently in the hot season." 

Episcopal Church. — St. James' Episcopal Church, corner Pacific and 
North Carolina avenues, was the first of this denomination erected in 
Atlantic City. It was finished in i86g and enlarged in February, 1874. 
The Church of the Ascension, originally a frame building, was completed 
in 1879, and stood on Pacific avenue, below Michigan, t)ut was removed 
in 1886 to its present location on Kentucky avenue, corner Pacific. The 
present brick edifice was completed in 1893. 



Around and About. 7^ 

"Everybody Goes to Brigantine."— This is a by-expression in 
Atlantic City, and it is literally true. Anybody is nobody if he does not 
go, because everybody goes. 

Friends' Meeting-house.— This place of worship was built in 1872, 
previous to which the meetings of the Society of Friends were held in the 
school-house on Pennsylvania avenue for four consecutive summers. 

Fire Department.— The present equipment of this excellent branch of 
the citv government includes thirtv-seven employees, thirty-seven pieces of 
apparatus, and thirty-nine horses. The apparatus is as follows: Eight 
engines, three chemical engines, three combination chemical and hose 
wagons, six hose wagons, two aerial trucks, one combination chemical 
truck and hose wagon, two patrol wagons, six supply wagons, one hand 
carriage, three parade wagons, one crab and one chief's wagon. Besides 
these there are one life net, seventeen hand extinguishers, i7,7=;o feet of tire 
hose, 2550 feet of chemical hose and 1 50 feet of rope for use of tire wardens. 
No city in the country of equal population has a fire department as well 
equipped as that of Atlantic City. 

Garbage.— The garbage of Atlantic Citv, which amounts to 10,500 
tons annually, is collected in sanitary carts and taken to the crematory, at 
the extreme northwestern side of the city, and there cremated. The crema- 
tory is a model plant and cost $58,000. The city pays the contractor 
$io,coo a year for collecting the garbage. 

Hospital.— About the year 1892 an effort was made to establish a 
public hospital in Atlantic Citv. A number of ladies and gentlemen organ- 
ized what was then known as the "Atlantic Citv Hospital Association, 
and they collected a fund of about $1200. After a time most of those iden- 
tified with the movement lost interest in it, and finally the fund was turned 
over to a private sanatorium, and applied toward the founding of a ''free 
bed " in that institution. Through the efforts of Mayor Franklin P. Stoy, 
the city contracted with the institution referred to, known as the Atlantic 
City Sanatorium, of which J. J. Rochford was Superintendent, and for a 
few' years all sick or injured persons, who became charges upon the city, 
were" provided for at the Sanatorium. In this arrangement Mr. Stoy was 
the careful guardian of the city's interests, and to him and Mr. Rochford— 
the one for the city and the other for the sanatorium association— belongs 
the credit of providing hospital facilities in Atlantic City during the years 

The present hospital corporation had its beginning when the following 
notice was published in the Atlantic City morning papers of February 12, 
1807 : 

^ HOSPITAL MEETING. 

All who are interested in the hospital movement in Atlantic City are invited to meet at 
the Atlantic City Sanatorium this evenins,^ at eight o'clock. ^ ^ HESTON. 

The following is from the hospital minutes : 

Pursuant to the above call, the following persons met at the Sanatorium this evening : 
A. M. Heston and J. J. Rochford. Notwithstanding the small attendance, it was decided to 
organize the meeting and carry out the purpose of the call. . 

Mr Heston nominated Mr. Rochford as temporary president, and he was unanimously 
elected. Mr. Rochford nominated Mr. Heston as temporary secretary, and he was unani- 

'"""On motion', it was decided to elect a board of nine governors. Mr. Heston nominated 
Franklin P. Stov, Stewart R. McShea, M. A. Devine, John F. Hall, M. V. B. Scull H S. 
Scull, and J. Leonard Baier, Jr. Mr. Rochford nominated Lewis Evaiis and A. M. Heston. 
There being no other nominees, bv special request. Miss Josephine O Brien, clerk of tne 
Sanatorium, cast the ballot and the above-mentioned persons were declared duly elected. 
The Secretary was directed to notify the gentlemen of their election and request them to 
meet at the Sanatorium on Wednesday evening. February 24, 1897, to perfect arrangements 
for organizing the Atlantic City Hospital Association. 



72 



Heston' s Hand-Book. 



The gentlemen selected as a Board of Governors were duly notified 
and met on the evening appointed. Extracts from minutes of February 24, 
1897: 

Resolved, That this board elect six additional members, making a board of fifteen, and a 
solicitor. 

Mr. Stoy nominated Louis Kuehnle; Mr. H. S. Scull nominated William G. Hoopes ; 
Mr. Heston nominated Charles Evans. H. H. Deakyne, James D. Southwick and Isaac 
Bacharach. They were duly elected. Alien B. Endicott was elected solicitor of the Board, 
to serve without salary. 

Subsequently, at a meeting held on April 9, 1897, the constitution and 
by-laws were adopted and permanent officers elected as follows : President, 
F. P. Stoy ; Secretary, A. M. Heston ; Treasurer, Lewis Evans. 

The Woman's Auxiliary was organized at the Hotel Dennis, on 
November 27, 1897, and the money collected by the ladies, amounting to 




$616.71, was set aside toward the furnishing of the hospital, when built. 
The officers are : President, Mrs. John F. Hall ; Recording Secretary, Mrs. 
J. G. Shreve; Financial Secretary, Mrs. Carl Voelker; Treasurer, Mrs. M. 
A. Devine. 

The property on Ohio avenue near Pacific was purchased of Henry 
J. White, of New York, on August 20, 1898. The purchase price was 
$16,000, on account of which the Board of Governors paid $2000 in cash, 
and executed a second mortgage of $6000. The property was purchased 
subject to a first mortgage of $8000. It included a frame building contain- 
ing ten rooms. 

The formal opening of this temporary hospital building took place on 
November 30, 1898, on which occasion there were many visitors and gen- 
erous welcome to all friends of the institution. 

In the early part of April, 1899, Miss Elizabeth C. Boice, of Absecon, 
signified her desire to erect a bricl< annex to the hospital building, as a 



Around and About. 



73 



memorial to her father, Henry Boice, and her generous offer was accepted 
bv the Board of Governors. , , ... d • 

It was suggested that the proposed building be known as the Boice 
Annex and that it be constructed of brick, with stone trimmings, to which 
she readily assented. Plans for this building were drawn by Architect 
Harold F. 'Adams, and work thereon begun immediately. 

It was learned that the marriage of Miss Boice to Mr. Clarence 
Doughtv Nourse was to take place on June yth, at the home of a relative 
in West Philadelphia, and the Secretary of the Hospital deemed it appro- 
priate to celebrate this happy occasion by breaking ground for the new 
building to be erected bv the bride-elect. Accordingly, at the hour of the 
ceremony in West Philadelphia, he removed the first soil for the foundation 
of the Boice Annex in Atlantic City. 




The work on this building progressed satisfactorily, the Board of 
Governors suggesting some changes and improvements during its progress, 
t^ which Mrs Nourse readily assented. The building being hnally com- 
pleted, at a cost of nearly $10,000, announcement was made of the formal 
opening on Thanksgiving Day, November 30th exactly ^^^ year after he 
opening of what is now known as the " main" building, but whiJi nmII 
be razed or moved at some future time, to make room for an imposing 
main building, thoroughly modern in appointments and architecturally in 
keeping with the Boice Annex. 4 . -.1 ;.1o„h 

Inlet.-This is a large body of water at the upper end of the island, 
where sailing and fishing boats' in charge of experienced captains can he 
hired by the day or by the hour. The sail through the bays or ou to sea 
through the Inlet outlet, is delightful, and the fishing is generally very 
good. The rates per hour for parties is twenty-five cents a-piece. 1 ne 
yachtsmen are prohibited by law from taking more than thirty passengers 



74 



Heston' s Hand-Book. 



at one time. Yachts can be chartered by the day for from five to ten 
dollars. 

Jewish Synagogue. — This unique building is situated on Pennsyl- 
vania avenue above Pacific. The corner-stone was laid and the edifice 
completed in 1892. 

Kechemeches. — This was the name of a tribe of Indians that once 
inhabited the country south of the Great Egg Harbor river, and made 
occasional visits to Absegami (Absecon Island) in quest of oysters and 
game, and perhaps to visit friendly Indians who came here from Coa- 
quanock (Philadelphia), Chicl<ohacki (Trenton) and other places in summer 
time. 

Longport.— Longport is below Atlantic City, and occupies the western 
end of the island, bordering on Great Egg Harbor Inlet. Its water advan- 
tages are unique. The ocean, the inlet and the thoroughfare surge restlessly 
or wave pleasantly on three sides of it. The island narrows and is scarcely 
more than one block in width in the improved portion of Longport, render- 
ing both bathing and fishing convenient. The ocean beach is broad, smooth 
and level, making a fine promenade ground when the tide is out and safe 
bathing when the tide is in. Fish are abundant in the thoroughfare, and 
are caught steadily from the pier and breakwater, which accommodate and 
protect the shore at different angles. Little steamers make regular trips to 
Ocean City and Somers' Point. Sail-boats accommodate those who desire 
such recreation. The cottages are diverse in architectural design. The 
Bay View Club House is a substantial structure and is the headquarters of 
the Bay View Club, which is composed of Philadelphia gentlemen. Long- 
port derived its name from James Long, a Philadelphia merchant, who sold 
the land to M. S. McCullough, founder of the resort. 

Lutheran Church.— St. Andrew's Evangelical Lutheran Church (Eng- 
lish) is at the corner of Michigan and Pacific avenues. This society was 
organized in June, 1887, by the Rev. William Ashmead Schaeffer, D. D., 
of Philadelphia. The first service was held in the upper room of a building 
on Atlantic avenue above Tennessee. The congregation afterwards bought 
the Philopatrian Hall on New York avenue, and changed the name to 
St. Andrew's Hall. In 1892 they bought the lot at Michigan and Pacific 
avenues and built the present edifice thereon. The pulpit was filled by 
various persons until the present pastor took charge in 1894. 

Mercer Memorial Home.— This institution provides a place where 
invalid women, of moderate means, can spend a few weeks at the seashore, 
and have not only the comforts of a home, but also good nursing and the 
care of a physician, at a price which they are able to pay, but much below 
the actual cost. It differs from other seaside institutions for women in that 
it is intended for invalids only, and in this respect it meets a want which 
has often been felt by those who come in contact with the masses of 
working-women in our large cities. 

In 1884 the building at the corner of Ohio and Pacific avenues was 
erected, largely through the munificence of the late Mrs. J. C. Mercer, of 
Philadelphia, who gave $40,000 for the purpose. An addition to the east 
wing of the building, finished in 1894, increased its capacity about one-third. 
The building is one of the finest of its size in Atlantic City, and is provided 
with every convenience for the care of sick women. 

Methodist Church.— The first religious services held in Atlantic City 
were under the direction of the Methodists. The building was dedicated in 
1857, and still stands where originally built, on Atlantic avenue below 
Massachusetts. It has been enlarged and improved, however, and will 



Ai'ound and About. 



75 



now seat comfortably several hundred people. Besides this, the First 
Methodist Church, there is the St. Paul's M. E. Church, built in i8g8 ; the 
Central M. E. Church, built in 1896; Christ Methodist Protestant Church 
and Trinity M. P. Church. 

Military Companies.— Joe Hooker Post, No. 32, G. A. R., meets the 
second and fourth Tuesday evening in each month at G. A. R. Hall. 




First Presbyterian Church. 



First Baptist Church. 

Colonel H. H. Janeway 
Camp, No. ii,S.ot V., meets the 
first and third Monday evening 
in each month in G. A. R. Hall. 

Morris Guards, named in 
honor of Colonel Daniel Morris, 
who was one of the first residents 
of the place. It is both a social 
and a military organization, and 
is intended to be always ready 
to render any service required of 
a military company, and to offici- 
ate at the reception of all organiza- 
tions visiting the city in a body. 



76 Heston' s Hand-Book. 

Company L, attached to the Third Regiment, New Jersey National 
Guards. 

^araticongs and Nanticokes. — These were two tribes of Indians 
living in Scheyichbl (New Jersey) when the white man came among them. 
They are referred to on pages 42 and 43 of the Hand-Book. 

Origin of tlie Lenapes. — On page 38 the reader will find some account 
of the " original people." 

Presbyterian Church. — There are three edifices of this denomination 
in Atlantic City. The one at the corner of Pacific and Pennsylvania ave- 
nues was erected in 1856, enlarged some years later, and very much im- 
proved in the spring of 1887. The Gerrhan Presbyterian Church was 
dedicated in 1884 and enlarged in i8g6. The Olivet Presbyterian Church, 
at Pacific and Tennessee avenues, was dedicated March 27, 1898. 

Public Schools. — The public schools of Atlantic City are well- 
appointed and six in number, the oldest being at Pennsylvania and Arctic 
avenues. The original building was removed in 1887, and a new brick 
buiding erected on the site at a cost of $20,000. The other buildings are on 
Indiana avenue near Arctic, Texas avenue and Arctic, Arctic avenue near 
New Jersey, an imposing brick and stone high-school building at the 
corner of Illinois and Arctic avenues, finished in i8q6, and the Chelsea 
school, corner Brighton and Arctic avenues, finished in 1897. The build- 
ings are well heated, comfortably furnished, and connected with the sewer 
system. It has been truly said that no more cogent reason is required to 
show the salubrity of the' climate and the desirability of Atlantic City as 
an abiding place for all who esteem health a blessing than the number of 
children born within the island's sandy rim. According to the school census 
of 1899 the number of school-children in Atlantic City is 4574- A new 
high-school building, to cost $88,oco. is now in course of erection at Ohio 
and Pacific avenues. The site for this building cost $50,000. Another 
school building is also in course of erection on the West Side, to cost about 
$20,000. 

Quail. — In the fall, when the gunning season opens, large numbers of 
these birds are killed by sportsmen in the woods and fields on the main- 
land. 

Railroad Stations. — West Jersey and Seashore, South Carolina ave- 
nue, above Atlantic. 

Atlantic City (Reading System), Atlantic avenue, between Arkansas 
and Missouri avenues. 

Longport and South Atlantic City, corner Tennessee and Atlantic 
avenues. 

Sanitation. — Atlantic City has a model system for the disposal of 
garbage and refuse, at the crematory. No bad odors are noticeable either 
in or out of the building in which the work is done, and all classes of offal 
and refuse, including dead animals, broken glass, and crockery ware, etc., 
as well as garbage, are quickly and successfully destroyed. 

Unlike other places on the coast, the surf is absolutely free from refuse 
or defilement of any kind. By an underground system, which is a revela- 
tion to most city people, the air, the soil, and the water are absolutely free 
from contamination by sewage. Briefly stated, this system comprises a 
pumping station and reservoir, with deeply laid sewers converging to it, 
and filter beds situated on the salt meadows" at a considerable distance from 
the well. 

The reservoir is placed on the edge of the meadows, next that side of 
the city which is farthest from the ocean and the hotels. It is a walled pit, 




Pennsylvania Avenue School— Texas Avenue School— Indiana 
Avenue School. 



78 



Heston' s Hand-Book. 




cemented inside and out, thirty feet in diameter and twenty feet deep. 
Connected with it is a ventilating shaft seventy-five feet high^ The main 
sewer, which empties into the bottom of this well, is a cylindrical iron pipe 
twenty inches in diameter. Connected with this is a system of sub-mains 
and laterals of iron or glazed terra-cotta pipe. 

Somers' Point.— Somers' Point, one of the oldest ports of entry in 
the United States, is a favorite resort for sportsmen. It is reached by 

steamers from Long- 
port, but the popular 
way is by railroad, 
across the meadows 
to Pleasantville, and 
thence to Somers' 
Point. The ride in 
pleasant weather is 
in open cars across 
the wide expanse of 
salt meadows and 
through a fertile 
farming country to 
the bay, on which 
Somers' Point is lo- 
cated. In its vicinity, 
many years ago, was 
the summer encamp- 
ment of the Algon- 
quin Indians, who 
j enjoyed the bounti- 

and game. The ful supply of oysters 

charge is 25 cents 
for the round trip. 
Speedway and 
Other Drives. — 
The Speedway is 
a new drive, ex- 
tending from Sea- 
view to Longport. 
It is about seven 
miles long. Other 
drives in Atlantic 
City are as fol- 
lows: Beachdrive, 
at low tide, ten 
miles; to Longport 
or Great Egg Har- 
bor Inlet, eight 
miles ; the Ele- 
phant, or South Atlantic City, five miles ; Absecon Inlet and Lighthouse, 
two miles ; Pacific avenue drive, five miles to Ventnor. Another pleasant 
drive is to the Inlet on a macadamized road. Still another ride is across the 
meadows to Pleasantville, and thence along the shore road to the Country 
Club and Somers' Point, Absecon and other pretty towns in the vicinity of 
Atlantic City. The road across the meadows is kept in first-class condition. 
Trolleys.— The trolley cars of Atlantic City run the entire length of 
the island, a distance of ten miles, connecting With the boats for Brigan- 




The Fishing Deck and Boardwalk. 



Around and About. 79 

tine on the north, and for Ocean City and Somers' Point on the south. 
The ride is always enjoyable. 

Unamis and Unilacktos. — These were two opposing tribes of Indians 
who inhabited the pine and coast region of New Jersey. In English their 
names mean Turtles and Turkeys. 

Ventnor.— Ventnor is another near-by resort, it is two miles below 
Atlantic Citv, and is accessible by the motor cars to Longport. The 
various amusements and diversions of Atlantic City are easily accessible 
by train, drive or beach, while freedom from noise and perfect rest are 
assured by its suburban location. A large and thoroughly appointed hotel 
is open for guests. 

Water Supply.— Atlantic City has an exhaustless supply of pure 
fresh water, furnished both by artesian wells and conduits, which bring the 
water seven miles across the meadows from a sweet, clear, and pure source 
among the pines of the mainland, partly from mill ponds and partly from 
fifty driven wells. There are five artesian wells on the island, furnishing 
water that is as crystal clear, pure, and wholesome, and as wholly uncon- 
taminated by organic matter as that obtained at any of the mountain 
resorts. There are water-works of the most elaborate character, and two 
stand-pipes, having a capacitv of over half a million gallons, thus insuring 
an abundant supply of excellent water at all times for every purpose. The 
pumping capacity of the engines is eleven million gallons a day. Over 
fifty miles of pipe are laid throughout the city, and connected with these 
pipes are 468 fire-hydrants. 

Woodland Charms.— The woods and swamps on the mainland, west- 
ward of Atlantic City, are fragrant with magnolia blooms and ablaze with 
the laurel and rhododendron in spring-time. The ground, also, is carpeted 
with arbutus and the lakes are white with water-lilies; everywhere, in 
wood and swamp, field and fen, the heath tribe gives beauty and perfume, 
in the brilliant autumn-time, when the gorgeous woods are gleaming, ere 
the leaves begin to fall, when the pippin leaves the bough and the sumac's 
fruit is red, when the quail is piping loud from the near-by buckwheat 
fields, when the mist is on the ocean and the network on the grass, when 
the harvests are all housed and the farmer's work is done— 'tis then that 
there is good quail and rabbit shooting in the woods and fields on the 
mainland. 

'Xions (usually spelled Axions).— These were a tribe of Indians who 
had their hunting-grounds along the Mullica river, in the upper end of 
Atlantic County. They were on 'xcelent terms with the Tuckahoe tribe, 
whose provender they often shared. It is even said that the kindness of 
the Tuckahoes to the 'Xions brought about the saying, which we hear to 
this day, " Tuckahoe— God bless her ! " 

Yacomanshag.— This is the name of a tribe of Indians that once lived 
about where the town of Hammonton now stands. 

Zounds !— if I can think of any word to complete this zigzag manu- 
script, which the publisher is to transform into beautiful print for zealous 
critics' eyes. 





Woodland Charms on Mainland— Atlantic City's Water Supply. 



The Old and the New. 




ANY interesting sketches, descrip- 
tive of the old and new times on 
Absecon Island and the adjacent 
mainland, intended for publication 
in the Hand-Book, are omitted 
from this edition for want of room. 
Succeeding editions will contain 
chapters as follows : 

Early Settlements by the Whites. 

Daniel Leeds and His Almanac. 

A Quaker Indiction of Slavery. 

James Doyle the Scout. 

Roadways and Taverns. 

Old Times and New. 

Memorable Accidents. 

Capture of Giberson and Lane. 

Skirmish on the Egg Harbor. 

James Steelman the Patriot. 

Pine Robbers at The Forks. 

Execution of MuUiner the Tory. 
Ployden and Plantagenet Principalities. 
Atlantic County During the Revolution. 
Depredations by Tories and Refugees. 
Exploit of Commander Somers. 
Mays Landing and the Early Settlers. 
Hammonton and Egg Harbor City. 
Brigantine and Barnegat. 
Reminiscences of Old Gloucester. 
Meeting Houses and Churches. 
Schools and School Teachers. 
Hospitals and Charitable Institutions. 
Township Lines and Tithing Officers. 
Redemptioners in the Early Days. 
Albion Knights of Old Gloucester. 
Rain and Snow — Wind and Tide. 
Shipwrecks and Drownings. 
The Pen and the Sword — Editors and Soldiers. 
Lawvers and Physicians. 

The Water Question and Water-Works Litigation. 
Murders and Hangings. 
City Hall and Post-Oftke. 
Atlantic City and County Officials. 
Mysteries of the Sea. 
Gunning and Fishing. 
Outings by the Sea. 
Autumn and Winter Pleasures. 
Sanitation and Drainage. 



(8i) 



Atlantic City Officials. 



Mayor.— Vran'k.lin P. Stoy * 

J?ecordei.— Robert E- Stephany.* 

Alderman. — Harry Bacharach.* 

City Solicitor.— Carlion Godfrey.! 

City Comptroller.— h-Ured. M. Hestou.f 

City Treasurer. — John A. Jeffries.* 

City Clerk.— Turnery D. Irelan.f 

District Court Judge —Robert H. Ingersoll. Appointed by Governor. 

City Surveyor. — John W. Hackney .f 

Tax Collector.— WiXW^SiVa. lyowry, Jr.* 

Mercantile Appraiser.— John W. Parsons. f 

Super-visor of Streets.— ^ex'x'&h Mathis.f 

Building Inspector. — Simon I,. Wescoat.f 

Overseer of Poor. — Daniel ly. Albertsou.* 

City Electrician.— h. C. Farrand.f 

Chief of Police.— TLarry C. Eldridge.J 

Commissioner of Sinking Fund.— Wired M. Heston. Appointed by Supreme Court 
of New Jersey. 

City Assessors .Sie-wSLrt H. vShinn, Seraph I,illig and A. J. Withrow. Appointed 
by Mayor. 

Chief Engineer of Fire Department. — Isaac Wiesenthal. Elected by City Council. 

Assistant Chiefs of Fire Department.— Charles M. Speidel and Henry Williams. 
Elected by City Council. 

City Council.— Alderman, Harry Bacharach. First Ward : David R. Barrett, Albert 
Beyer, Joseph C. Clement, Edv^rin A. Parker. Second Ward : Enos F. Hann, Edward 
S. Lee, Henry W. I^eeds, John Donnelly. Third Ward : Somers I,. Doughty, John R. 
Fleming, Willis H. Vanaman, George H. L,ong. Fourth Ward : Thomas H. Thompson, 
Hugo Garnich, William A. Ireland, William W. Bowker. Sergeant-at-Arms, Cornelius 
S. Fort.f 

Water Commissioners.— l^oms Kuehnle, Dr. E. A. Reiley, Rufus Booye. Appointed 
by Mayor. 

Superintendent of JVater Department. — William C. Hawley. Appointed by Com- 
missioners. 

Cashier of Water Department.— William H. Randolph. 

Chief Clerk of Water Department.— Henry R. Albertson. 

Inspector of Water Department. — B. Frank Souder. 

City Hall Commissioners. — Frederick Hemsley, Charles Evans, John B. Champion. 
Appointed by Mayor. 

Board of Health. — Dr. A. W. Baily, Wm. F. Koeneke, Joseph E. lyiugerman, Arthur 
H. Stiles, Thomas McDevitt, Elwood S. Johnson, William Clark. Elected by City 
Council. 

Plumbing Inspector. — Curtis Frambes.g 

Health Inspector.— YLarry C. Beck.g 

Register of l^ital Statistics.— Alfred T. Glenn. § 

Board of Education.— C J. Adams, S. R. Morse, Wm. A. Bell, Aaron Hinkle, Carl- 
ton Godfrey, Paul Wootten, Samuel H. Kelley. Elected by City Council. 

Superintendent of Schools.— Br. W. M. Pollard. || 

.Supervising Principal. — Charles B. Boyer. [[ 

Principal of High School.— Henry P. Miller. || 

Stiperintendent of Manual Training and Draiving.—'Wilhem.ine Ochs. 

Superintendent of Business Course. — F. J, Klock.|| 



* Elected by voters, f Elected by City Council, t lyife tenure, g Appointed by 
Board of Health. || Appointed by Board of Education. 

(82) 



Atlantic City Statistics, 



Population of Atlantic City (census of 1895) 18,329 

Present population of Atlantic City (census being taken), about 30,000 

Number of School-children in Atlantic City, 1900, 5,206 

" Registered Voters in " " in 1900 6,348 

Transient Population during summer season 40,000 to 150,000 

Number of Houses in Atlantic City, 4 498 

Value of Real and Personal Rstate, as per assessment of 1898, 5i5-3i2,393 

Actual value of Real Estate, at least, $45,000,000 

Water Pipes laid and in use in Atlantic Citj', 56 miles. 

Length of Streets 51 

Number of Public School Houses 6 

" " " " in course of erection 2 

Churches (white, 17; colored, 3), 20 

National Banks 3 

" Safe Deposit Companies, 2 

" Military Companies, including Grand Army Post and Sons of 

Veterans, 4 

Value of School Buildings and Lots, $265,000 

Number of Teachers employed 72 

Area of Atlantic City, 2,704 acres. 

Island between Atlantic City and South Atlantic City, 1,101 " 

South Atlantic City, 895 " 

Longport 5^3 " 

entire Island . . 5,213 

Acreage of Atlantic City built upon, 640 " 

Island outside of Atlantic City built upon 15 

" entire Island built upon, 655 " 

Distance from Inlet to lower end of Atlantic Citv 454 miles. 

" Atlantic City to South Atlantic City, 3 

" " South Atlantic City to Longport 1% 

" " Longport to lower point of beach, . ^ i 

" Atlantic City to Mainland, 5% " 

First Permanent Residenton the island, Jeremiah Leeds, about 1795 

First Train to Atlantic City, July ist, 1854 

Second Railroad (narrow'gauge) to Atlantic City, opened July 25th, 1877 

" " changed to broad gauge by Reading, October 5th, 1884 

Double track of Reading road first used in April, 1889 

Third Railroad to Atlantic City, opened June 16th, 1880 

First Train on Pennsylvania system via Delaware River Bridge to 

Atlantic City April 19th, 1896 

Length of entire Island, 10 miles. 

Young's Pier 2,804 feet. 

" Iron Pier 94^ " 

" Boardwalk, from the Inlet wharf to Chelsea, 3>3 miles. 

Erection of Boardwalk begun April 24th, 1896 

Boardwalk dedicated to public use July 8th, 1896 

Cost of Boardwalk $171,248 

Cost of City Water Works $934-993 

Number of Fire Hydrants in use, 468 

Newspapers in Atlantic City (3 daily and 5 weekly), 8 

Number of Police Officers and Patrolmen, summer, 46 

" " " " " winter 36 

Life Guards, 28 

" active P'iremen 37 

Height of Lighthouse 167 feet. 

Distance visible at sea, 19 miles. 

Number of Steps to Lighthou.se, 228 

Cost of Lighthouse ?52.i87 

Bricks in Lighthou.se Tower 59^.634 

Highest curb elevation in Atlantic City above mean low water 13^2 feet 

Lowest " " " " '■ " " " 6 " 

:Meadow surface in Atlantic City above mean low water 4 

Number of Arc l^lectric Street Lights, 260 

Gas Street Lights, 160 

Assets of Atlantic City $1,934,660 

Liabilities of Atlantic City, including Water Bonds $1,294,831 

Expenditures during Fiscal Year, excepting Permanent Improvements, . . $491,317 

for Permanent Improvements during Year, • . $i57,798 

Total Fire Loss during Year $35,Soi 

Number of Pieces of Fire Apparatus, 37 

Horses owned by Fire Department 39 

" P'ire Companies 8 

(83) 



Atlantic City's Pioneer Editor. 

OD made the editors, the editors made the papers, and the 
papers made Atlantic City." Thus wrote the author of the 
Hand-Book ten years ago, and he again asserts that the 
newspapers, more than any other one agency, have earned 
for Atlantic City her unique position as the greatest winter 
and summer sanitarium in the world, and the leading pleasure 
resort of the country. 





A. L. ENGLISH. Ph()t().iiraphed by John T. Irving, May, 1900. 

Atlantic County was not without newspapers previous to 1872, but 
they were published in Hammonton, Mays Landing and Egg Harbor City. 
in that year A. L. English, a native of the county, established the Atlantic 
City Daily Reviezv. The first issue was dated July i, 1872, and it ap- 
peared regularly every week-day until the following September ist, when 
it was suspended. 

(84) 



Atlantic City's Pioneer Editor. 



85 



The publication of the Daily Review was resumed on the first of the 
following July, and the paper again suspended on September ist. The 
weekly edition was begun on the nth of the following October, and has 
been continued without interruption ever since. 

Mr. English was a wide-awake editor and an energetic citizen. Much 
credit is due him for the part he took in the building of the city during the 
transition period— the time when Atlantic City was changing from a mere 
summer resort to a permanent city by the sea.^ He disposed of the Review 
to Alfred M, Heston and John G. Shreve on March i, 1884, when it was 
published under the firm name of Heston & Shreve. Mr. Heston sold his 
interest to Mr. Shreve three years later. The daily issue was revived every 
summer until 1888, when, beginning on July ist, it was issued bv Mr. 
Shreve as an all-the-year daily, and has remained such ever since— a 
credit to its proprietor and a testimony of the work so well begun by Atlantic 
City's pioneer editor. 

iiJ 4 d 

The newspapers of Atlantic City will be considered in a later edition 
of the Hand-Book. 




Old Catawba Church, below Mays Landing. 



aiI(i<iE3TlON3. 




IXTEEN years ago Mr. A. L. English, the founder of Atlantic 
City journalism, published a volume whose concluding 
page was a breviary of "Advice to the City Authorities." 
In imitation of Mr. English, the author of the Hand-Book 
appropriates the concluding page of this souvenir edition to 
his own use, and offers, without apology, a few suggestions 
for the betterment of Atlantic City. 

First, he suggests that the condition of Atlantic avenue, the sidewalks 
in many parts of the city and the alleys generally receive more attention. 
Atlantic avenue should be paved, not macadamized, and City Council 
should speedily enter into an equitable arrangement with the railroad com- 
pany to meet the expense of this improvement. 

Second, the sidewalks on Atlantic and every other avenue should be 
kept absolutely free from obstructions. Electric light, telephone and 
telegraph poles should be banished for all time and the wires placed under- 
ground. No signs, boxes or obstructions of any kind should be tolerated 
on the sidewalks anywhere. 

Third, the curb lines on Atlantic avenue might be moved out two or 
three feet — the driveways being more than ample now — and the additional 
space assigned to shade trees, the planting of which should be encouraged, 
not only along Atlantic avenue, but on every avenue in the city. Make 
Atlantic avenue more inviting— shady in summer and free from mud in 
winter— and visitors will be glad to leave the Boardwalk, if only for a 
chance to see the commercial side of Atlantic City. Storekeepers will not 
then complain of business drifting away from the avenue to the Boardwalk. 
Give the visitors a chance to see clear and clean sidewalks, give them a 
refuge from the sun in summer and freedom from mud in winter, and they 
will soon realize that the Boardwalk is not Atlantic City's only promenade. 
Where the people are, there will the trade be also. 

Fourth, the ordinance against the dumping of refuse in alleys or on 
vacant lots should be rigidly enforced. It should be the duty of the street 
supervisor to see that all alleys are kept absolutely free of rubbish, and the 
Board of Health should not tolerate for one day a nuisance of any kind in 
back alley, back yard or side lot. 

Fifth, waste paper should be deposited in proper receptacles on the 
street corners, and once a day or once a week, as may be necessary, such 
refuse should be taken to the crematory. 

Sixth, low lots everywhere, especially along the railroads, should be 
filUed to grade and kept absolutely free from rubbish. 

Seventh, the wires for electric lights on the Boardwalk should be 
placed in conduits, and the wooden poles which now disfigure the walk 
should be removed. 

Eighth, the city should control absolutely the ocean front, and the 
bob-tail pier at the foot of Pennsylvania avenue should be removed. The 
one at the foot of Tennessee avenue should be improved architecturally. 

Ninth, between the stations and the Thoroughfare all railroad tracks 
should be elevated. This improvement should be completed not later than 
the Year of Jubilee, 1904. 

Tenth, the city should erect places of public comfort along the Board- 
walk and pavilions at the ends of the avenues, outside the walk. 

Eleventh, the city should prohibit the charging of a fee for the privi- 
lege of sitting in a private pavilion anywhere along the Boardwalk. 

Twelfth, all sidewalks on cross avenues from the Boardwalk to 
Atlantic avenue should be flagged from curb to property line. 

(86) 



v: 



DO 




IN D C A. 



Page. 

Aborigines, battle of 42 

Absecon Beach 44. 45 

Absecon. origin of word 40 

Absegami, discovery of 44 

Absegami, summering at 40 

Adams, Ryan 55. 57 

Adams, Aunt Juditli, 53 

Allen, Ethan 52 

Albertson, Leon 64 

Aibertson, Levi C 64 

Alcorn, William 64 

Amarong Indians 42 

America's Mecca of Tourists 15 

Amusements, 67 

Ante-Bellum Days 63 

Armewamexes Indians 42 

Arthur Kill 44, 45 

Armstrong, Harriet 65 

April on the Boardwalk 4 

Asomoches Indians 42 

Assanpink Creek 4q 

Atlantis Club (plate) 16 

Atlantis Club .... 67 

Atlantic City National Bank, 61 

Atsion, 43. 59 

Atsion Indians 42, 43 

Atlantic House 58 

Auld Lang Syne, 53 55 

Avery, John G. W 63 

Axion [Atsion, Atsionks] 42, 43 

Babcock, John 51 

Bachelors and Old Maids 8 

Barnegat Bay 44 

Banks 67 

Baptist Church 67 

Baptist Church (plate) 75 

Barende-gat 45 

Barnegate, Sandy 42 

Basse, Jeremiah 49 

Barnegat 44. 45 

Barndegat 45 

Beauty on the Boardwalk ig 

Bentley Manor 44 

Beach Rides 25 

Bedloe's Hotel 60 

Bedloe's Island 45 

Belisle, D. W 64 

" Bentley," ship 44 

Beach Thoroughfare 61 

Bell, Walter D 59 

Berkeley, Lord 44 

Beargat 45 

Bew, Richard 65 

Billup's Point, 45 

Billup, Captain James 44 

Blake, John, 51 

Boardwalk, history of, 65 

Boice, Henry 57 

Boice, Peter 57 

Boice, William 52 

Boundaries of the City 61 

Bryant, John 55, 57 

Breakers, Inlet 45 

Brigantine 67 

Brown & Woelpper 65 

Brown, Chester 65 

Budd, Thomas 49, 51 

Burlington 46 

Carteret, Sir George, 44 

Campanius, Rev. John (Holm) 46 

Calvin, Bartholomew S 48 

Calcefar — Indian king 42 

( 



Page. 

Central M. E. Church (plate) 14 

Carre, Sir Robert 44 

Casino 67, 69 

Catholic Church 69 

Chestnut Neck 40 

Chelsea 66 

Chelsea Heights 61 

Chickohacki 42 

Cherokees Indians 48 

Chichequaas Indians 43 

Chamberlin Tract 55, 57 

Chamberlin, Thomas 56 

Charles II 44 

Children's Seashore House, 69 

Civil War period 64 

Clam Thoroughfare 61 

Climate, agreeable 16 

Coaquanock [Philadelphia], ..... 74 

Conover, Peter 51 

Coffin, William 60 

Congenial Friends 16 

Conover, Ordelle 65 

Conover, Rubanna 57 

Colwell, Stephen 59 

Collins, Daniel L., 60 

Congress Hall 60 

Coffin, John Hammonton 59 

Coxe, Dr. Daniel 49 

Cottage Retreat, 60 

Coffin, William 59 

Conover, Leira 65 

Country Club House, 69 

Cramer, Carrie 65 

Curtin, Jeremiah 38 

Day, William 52 

Da Costa, John C 59 

Death-rate 69, 70 

De Laet — historian 42 

Disston & Sons, Henry 66 

Doughty, Cabin of (plate) 12 

Doughty, General Enoch 59 

Down the Beach by Moonlight 26 

Dry Inlet 5^. 52. 55. 61 

Egbay (Egg Harbor) 42, 43 

Elwood 59 

62 



Election, first 

Ellis Island 45 

Encroachments of the sea 64 

Endicott, Allen B. (plate) i 

English, A. L. (plate) 84 

English Creek 60 

Epilogue 32 

Episcopal Church 70 

Evans, Lewis 64 

Evans, Lewis (plate) 1 

Evelin, Robert 42 

Eyre Haven, discovery of 44 

Eriwoneck Indians 42 

Excursion House, first 63 

Frederick the Great 37 

Fair Ocean Maid 47 

Fire Department 71 

Fleming, Dr. J. R. (plate) 39 

Friends' Meeting House 71 

Fountain of Youth 52 

Fox 52 

Gardner, Congressman 66 

Gardner, John J 64 

Garbage 71 

Giltinan, Adele 65 

Giltinan. Caroline 65 

Gloucester-town 46 



87) 



88 



Index. 



Page. 

Grill, Gideon 64 

Great Egg- Harbor 44 

Griscom, Norwood 64 

Great Egg Harbor. 45 

Great Bay 44 

Gunning 25 

" Half Moon." ship 44 

Hackett, Judith 57 

Hann, Benj. Z 64 

Hay, Andrew K 59 

Hayes, James 65 



Page. 

Indian Stories and Traditions 37, 48 

Indian Sage, Speech of, 49 

Inlet 73 

Inlet (plate) 80 

Ireland, Amos 51 

Ireland, Daniel, 51. 52 

Ireland, James, 55 

Indian tribes and their location 42 

James, Duke of York 44 

Jackson Glass Works 60 

Jewish Synagogue, 74 




Hackett, Richard 60 

Haupt, William 65 

Hammonton 42 

Heat and Hurly-Burly 18 

Heston. A. M., i, 62 

Heckwelder. Rev. John, 37 

Historians, stories of the early, .... 45 

History, illusions of 37, 42 

Hook and Line 27 

Hospital, 71, 72 

Howard Pier 61 

Holscom, Christian [Holdzkom] 55 

Holm, Rev. John Campanius 46 

Hudson, Henry 44 

Indian Mounds and Shell-Heaps, ... 39 
Indian Relics 39 



Joy and Pleasure Through the Twelve- 
months 30 

Jordan, A. M., cottage of 54 

Jubilee, year of, 36 

Kechemeches 74 

Kechemeches Indians 42 

Keen, Sarah, 51 

Keim, Jacob 64 

Keim, Newton 64 

Kill von Kull 45 

Kitchen Middins 38 

Ladd, John 51 

Land-locked Water Preserve, ..... 28 

Latham, Thomas 55 

Leonardo, Vincent 46, 47 

LeBarre, Jean 53 



Index. 



89 



Page. 

Lee, Edward S 63 

Lee, Irving- 57 

Leeds, Andrew 57 

Leeds, Chalkley S 57, 60, 62 

Leeds Homestead 3q 

Leeds, Judith, 5? 

Leeds, James 57. 5*^ 

Leeds. Jeremiah 51. 55. 56, 57 

Leeds, John 57, 58, 60 

Leeds Point 43 

Leeds, Robert B 57, 60 



Page. 

Manahawkin, 43 

Maeroahkong Indians 42 

Mantesees Indians, • • • 42 

Matoachen, Indian Chief 44 

Marriage among the Indians 4? 

Maseiian Creek 42 

Magarge, S. E., cottage of 50 

Matliis, Lewis 64 

McManus, Francis 56 

Metuchen, Indian Chief, 44 

Mey, Captain Cornelius Jacobsen, . . 45 




Leeds, Steelman, 60 

Lenni-Lenape 37, 38, 40, 48 

Lenapes, origin of 75 

Life-Saving Station (plate), 68 

Lighthouse (plate), 68 

Literary Association 64 

Lenten and Post-Lenten Pastimes. ... 13 

Lounging Places for All, 14 

Loughran, John, cottage of 50 

Littie Egg Harbor 45 

Leyman, Mary 65 

Longport 74 

Lutheran Church 74 

Martyr, Peter (note) 53 

Matas Indians 43 

Matikongees Indians 42 



Mercer Home 74 

Methodist Church, 74 

Military Companies 75 

Minquosees Indians 42 

Minnequa, 46, 47 

Michener, J. H 60 

Migration of Red Men 48 

Muller. George 65 

Mansion House 60, 61 

Mullica 45 

Morris, Daniel, 60 

Morse, S. R., 64 

Mundy, Marion 65 

Naming the City 61 

Navesink Indians 43 

Nanticoke Indians 43. 76 



90 



Index, 



Page. 

Neleigh, William 60 

New Albion, Province of 42 

Nicholis, Admiral Richard, 44 

Nelson, William 38, 41 

North, Howard 64 

Naraticongs (Indians), 42, 76 

Olelbis 38 

Old-time Diversions 35 

Oldest Hotel in Atlantic City (plate), . 34 

Old-time Patriots 52 

Osborne, Richard B 60 

Osborne Island 43 

Oyster Island 45 

Original Owners 49 

Original Surveys 51 

Ozone off the Ocean g 

Park House (plate) 54 

Panorama of Sea and Land, ..... 20 

Pennington, Dr. B. C. (plate) 39 

Permanent Settlement, first 55 

Perth Amboy 44 

Philo, Henry 65 

Phoenix Bridge Company 66 

Pitney, Dr. Jonathan 59,60 

Place of Perennial Pleasure, .... 28 

Plantagenet, Beauchamp, 42 

Playground of the Country 23 

Pleasures of the Plaisance, 21 

Porter, Joseph 59 

Port Republic 60, 80 

Ponce de Leon, 52 

Potter, Col. William E., 52 

Powell. Dr. William M. (plate) 39 

Presbyterian Church, . . 76 

Primitive Americans, myths of, ... . 38 
Promenade in Mid-Winter (plate), ... 10 

Press, Daily 62 

Progress, rapid 61 

Prologue _ 6 

Public Schools '76 

Pure Air Washes Out the Lungs, ... 24 

Quail 76 

Queen of the Coast 7 

Rancocas Creek 49 

Ramcock (Rankokas Indians) 42 

Railroad litigation 64 

Railroad stations 76 

Raleigh, Sir Walter 37 

Raritan Bay, 45 

Raritan Indians, 42, 43 

Raymont 42 

Reed, Dr. Thomas K. (plate), . . 39, 53, 64 
Reed, Alfred, Vice-Chancellor, ... 6r 

Reid, Frederick 64 

Review, Daily 84 

Ries, John 65 

Rhodes, D. D 60 

Richards, Jesse 59 

Richards, Samuel, 59, 60 

Richards, Thomas 59 

Robbin's Reef Lighthouse 45 

Romance of the Indian Maid, 46 

Rum Point 53 

Rundall, Mildred 65 

Salem 46 

Salutatory, 5 

Sampson, Hezekiah, 52 

Sanhigan Indians 42 

Sanitation, 76 

Schautler's Hotel 60, 61 

Scheyichbi, 37, 42, 43 

Schwinghammer, Eugene, 64 

Scott, John 51 



Page. 

Scott, Lewis P. (plate) i 

Scull, Lillian 65 

Scull, Nan, 64 

Seal of the City, 62 

Sewaposees Indians 42 

Sikonesees Indians 42 

Silvers, Homer 65 

Snellenberg Cottage, 54 

Somers, Col. Richard, 51 

Somers, John 51 

Somers' Point 78 

Sorin, Herman, 65 

South Cape 42 

Speedway 78 

Squawktown 57 

Stack 60 

Staten Island 44 

Statue of Liberty 45 

Steelman, Andrew 51. 65 

Steelman, Frederick 51 

Steelman, James 51 

Steelman, Rachel 57 

Stibbs, George 52 

Stov, Franklin P. (plate) i 

Stoy, Mrs. F. P 66 

St. James' Episcopal Church (plate), . 70 

Stuyvesant, Peter 44 

Summer Days Beside the Sea, 17 

Summer Weather 'neath Winter Skies, 11 

Surf Bathing 22 

Surf House 60 

Synagogue 74 

Taylor, Ida 65 

Taylor, William F., Cottage of 50 

Thomas, Gabriel, 42, 45 

Tiascan Indians 42 

Tinans Indians, 42 

Timber Creek 49 

Tonic for Invalids and Convalescents, . 12 

Trolleys 78 

Tuckahoe Indians, 43 

Tutelos Indians, 43 

Tuckerton 57 

Turtle Indians, 40, 43 

Unamis Indians 40, 42, 43, 79 

Unilachtos Indians 43. 79 

United States Hotel Co 61 

United States Hotel 65 

Vanderdonck's Map 45 

Ventnor 79 

Water Supply 79 

Weary and Heavy Laden 10 

West, George 51 

Weymouth 59 

Wekolis 47 

Webster-Hayne Literary Society, . . 64 

Wherein Atlantic Citv Excels 31 

Wills' Island 43 

Winner, Uncle John, 52 

Wilted Grass 48 

Wood, William 46 

Woodland Charms, 79 

Wiltbank, Eugene, 64 

Wau-Koo-Naby 47 

Winslow 59 

Wurtz, Hon. George 63 

'Xions 79 

Yachting Scene (plate) 8 

Yacomanshag Indians 79 

Young Men and Maidens 8 

Yachting (plate) 25 

Zounds 79 




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THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD 

|lllaiiilGCil!j=worlil. 



THE ONLY ALL=RAIL 
LINE CONNECTING 



THE DELAWARE RIVER BRIDGE ROUTE 

nROAl Broad Street Station, Pliiladelphia, fast express trains run to Atlantic City, 
couiiectiiiij with all the through trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad's vast svstem 
coming into Philatielphia, from the South, Southwest, West and Northwest. 
I'nder the comprehensive arrangement of through cars used by the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, it is possible tor a visitor tlestined to Atlantic City to travel from any 
of the large cities included in the territory above mentioned with only one change of cars, 
and without transfer through Philadelphia. 

From New PIngland and the North but one change is necessary. 

THE NEW YORK AND ATLANTIC CITY THROUGH FAST EXPRESS TRAINS 
AND THE NEW TWENTY-THIRD STREET FERRY establish a direct connection 
between the great hotels of New York and those of Atlantic City. These trains leave 
New York at convenient hours in the morning and early afternoon every week-dav during 
the year, and run through to Atlantic City without change. 

Ample Cab Service at the New York End of the New Ferry. 

The local service of fast express trains between Market Street Wharf, Philadelphia, 
and Atlantic City is unsurpassed. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad has been closely identified with the material development 
of this great seaside resort, to which end nothing has contributed more than the matchless 
railroad facilities always provided by this company. 

Any ticket agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad or its connections can give information 
as to routes and rates, or, should more detailed knowledge be desired, address 

J. B. HUTCHINSON, J. R. WOOD, GEO. W. BOYD, 

Gtni'l Manager. C'li'l Pass. Ai:t. Assf. Ge>i' i Pass. A^t. 

Carpets Called for and Delivered Free of Charge. Mail Orders Promptly Attended to. 

Atlantic City Carpet Cleaning Co. 

I. R. BISHOP, Manager. Office and Works, No. 1822 Baltic Avenue. 

'Phone 417. Carpets thoroughly Cleaned, 4 cents per yard. 

WILLIAM SABATH, Dealer in 

Imported and Domestic WINES AND LIQUORS 

No. 1608 ATLANTIC AVE., Pet. Kentucky and Mt. \ernon Aves. 

BUCKEYE LAUNDRY AND CARPET STEAMING CO. 

221, 223, 225, 227 N. Vermont Avenue. 

ONE DAY LAUNDRY. 'Phonr 4S0. We wash everything washable. 

Rugs and Fine Carpets Cleaned, and Nape raised to its original softness, 

the colors at the same time being restored in brightness. 

J. ROSENBAUM, ••T"=-Auc.io„eerJor^M,a.,.cCi.,a„dCo„u.,. 

MAMMOrH Ni:\V STORAGE HOISE, OFFICE AND SALESROOM, 

MARYLAND AVENUE BELOW ATLANTIC. 

Furniture and Household C.oods Rented b\ the season. The only Storage House in 
Atlantic City. Advances made on Storages. 



I a ADAMS & CO., 11^. 

Real Estate and 

I ^ QY f t^^ 'fT/^^ Money to Loan on 

XllOvil CtilwC'^ First-Class Mortgages. 

Rooms 2, 4, 6 and 8 Real Estate and Law Building. 

For Sale or Rent Valuable Properties in all parts of the City. 
The Largest Fire Insurance Agency in the State. 

Notaries Public and Commissioners of Deeds for New Jersey, Pennsj'lvania and 

New York. ,_,, 

'Phone 71. 

J. P. CRAMER & CO. S^^fcrf^*^'' ^'^'^ .NSUR.NCE 

r' »«^:»o- Money to Loan on Mortgages in amounts from $500 to $100,000. 

conveyancing-. interest as low as Five Per Cent. 

Telephone 67. No. 1328 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 

C. C. SHINN, 

Real Estate, Insurance, Conveyancing, Mortgage Loans. 
Rooms 7 and 9 Law Building. 

P. O. Box 357. Long Distance 'Phone 287. 

THE A. H. PHILLIPS CO. 

Insurance and Real Estate. Money to Loan on Mortgage. Conveyancing. 

'Phone 138. No. 1315 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 

WM. R KEATES, real estate and insurance, 

1208 Atlantic Avenue. 

Notary Public and Commissioner of Deeds. Mortgages Negotiated and Sold. Hotels, 

Boarding Houses, Cottages and Stores foi Rent or Sale. 

Choice Building Sites for Sale. Business Opportunities. 'Phone 578. 

DAVID GILTINAN, Real Estate, Insurance and Mortgages. 

'Phone 612. Room 314 Rothschild Building, 

1302 ATLANTIC Avenue. 14 south Broad Street, PHILADELPHIA. 

HARRY R. YOUNG, 

REAL ESTATE BROKER. 

Offices, 6 States Avenue. 

WARNER, ALLEN & CO, "^iSl^^ifSiSS^ns" 

REAL ESTATE BROKERS phone 832. 

Money Loaned on Bond and Mortgage. No. 4 STATES AVENUE. 

E. H, COOK & CO, Real Esta te, I ns urance and Mortgages. 

Philadelphia Office: Room 803 Real Estate Trust Co., 
No. 8 STATES AVENUE. 'Phone 464. S. E. Cor. Broad and Chestnut Sts. 

xviii 




>r 



A 




Indiana Avenue School House, North View— Hospital for Insane, 
Smith's Landing. 



M. A. DEVINE. HARRY WOOTTON. 

DEFINE ^ iA^OOTTON. 

REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE. 

Rooms 10 and 11, First Floor, Real Estate and Law Building. 

Cottages and Hotels for Rent and Sale. Building Lots for Sale. Agents for Chelsea, 
Ventnor and Longport. Mortgage Loans Negotiated. General Collections. Law and 
Conveyancing Bureau. 'Phone 190. 

J. C. RISLEY. 



W. K. CAVILLER. 



RISLEY & CAVILEER, 

REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, CONVEYANCING, 

Telephone 274. ^S" ATLANTIC AVENUE. p. q. Box 305. 



DOWN & SHEDAKER, ^^^^ Estate investors. Conveyancing 

and Insurance. 

Monev to Loan, anv Amount, on Mortgage, ^li per cent, to 6 per cent. 
Choice Hotels and Cottages for Sale or Rent. Lots and Blocks for Sale. 

1436 ATLANTIC AVENUE, Opposite Real Estate and Law Building. 
CoNVEVANCiNG ^pj^g 5. E. CROWLEY CO., Collections. 

Incorporated, 

Real Estate, Insurance and Mortgages. U33 Atlantic Avenue. 

Hotels and Cottages for Sale or Rent. Lots for Sale. 'Phone 230. 

F. W. WYLD, 

REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND MORTGAGES, 

'Phone 24S. 1900 Atlantic Avenue. 

JAMES B. SPRINGER, real estate and insurance. 

Money Loaned on Mortgage. Conveyancing. 
Interest and Rents Collected. No. JJ S. NEW YORK AVENUE. 

Agent for Columbia Wagon Co.'s Wagons, Carriages and Harness. 'Phone 825. 



WILSON SENSEMAN, 

Commissioner of Deeds for New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania, Real Estate and Insur- 
ance, Notarv Public, 
No. 1026 ATLANTIC AVE, 

MATHIS & WELLS, c.' k. w^^l"" 

Real Estate and Insurance, 

Cottages and 43 South Virginia Ave. 

Boarding Houses for Sale or Rent. 

Rents Collected. First Mortgage Loans. 

T B FOWLER. ^^^^ ^^ta^t^ and 
J. O* jrwWl^i:.IV, Insurance. 

1208 Atlantic Avenue. 

Money to Loan at 5 per cent. 

Cottages for Sale or Rent. 

J. H. BARTLETT & SON, 
Real Estate, 

no South Carolina Ave. 

Conveyancing, Mortgages and Insurance. 



V. C. BRUCKMANN, 
Real Estate and Insurance Broker. 

Property for Sale, Rent or Exchange. 
UNION BANK BUILDING. 

BARBER & JENNINGS, LLat^nin,. 

Real Estate, Insurance, 
Mortgages a Specialty. 

A full list of fur- 1125 Atlantic Avk. 

nished Hotels atid Cottages. Telephone4o6. 



S. E. REILY & CO., 

Peal Estate, Insurance and Mortgages. 

Room 10 Union Bank Bldg. 

IRELAN & CO., 

Real Estate and Insurance, 

'Phone 64S. 1009 Atlantic Ave. 



D. B. EDWARDS, FLORAL HALL. 

107 South Carolina Avenue. 

Beautiful Foliage and Bedding Plants. Fresh Cut Flowers of the finest quality received 
daily from our own Nurseries at Bridgeton, N.J. Jardinieres, Floral Deco- 
rations for weddings, parties, funerals, etc. Open all the year. 



Charles Evans, Joseph H. Rorton, Francis P. (Juigley, 

President. Vice-President. Cashier. 

ATLANTIC CITY NATIONAL BANK, 

Atlantic City, N. J. 
CAPITAL $50,000, SURPLUS, $150,000. UNDIVIDED PROFITS, $50,000, 

I 88 I. ^900. 

DIRECTORS 

Charles Evans Frederick Hehiisley, Dr. Thos. K. Reed, Elisha Roberts, 

George Allen Joseph H, Borton. John B. Champion, J. Hanies Lippmcott, 

'PHONE 23 Geo. W. Croshv, M. D. 



CAPITAL, $500,000.00 FULL PAID. 

GUARANTEE TRUST COMPANY, 

North Carolina and Atlantic Aves. 

This Company conducts a General Banking Business. Receives deposits subject to 
check at sight. Pays three per cent, interest on Saving Fund and time deposits. 
Executes trusts of every description, and becomes surety on contractors' bonds. Acts 
as executor, administrator and trustee. Rents safe deposit boxts at J5 and upwards. 
Wills safely kept by this Company without charge. 

OFFICERS— CARLTdN Godfrey, President. Charles H. Jeffries, Treasurer. 

Louis KuEHNLE, Vice-President. A. H. Phillips, Trust Officer. 

DIRECTORS— John J. Gardner, Carlton Godfrey, Louis Kuehnle, A. H. Phillips, Wm. 
A Faunce Clifton C. Shinn, O. T- Hammell, Hubert Somers, Wm. F. Wahl, Heulings 
Lippincott Dr. Nelson Ingram.M. S. McCullough. Dr. Wm. M. Pollard, S. R. Morse, 
George P. Eldredge, Henry W. Leeds, VV. E. Edge, James B. Reilly, L. G. Salmon, 
James Parker. Interest alloieed on Special a7id Time Deposits. 'Phone 453. 

Allen B. Endicott, Smith Conover, James M. Aikman, 

President. Vice-President. Cashier. 

UNION NATIONAL BANK. 

CAPITAL, $100,000. SURPLUS and UNDIVIDED PROFITS, $60,000. 

DIRECTORS 

Allen B. Endicott, James Flaherty, A. W. Bailv, Lucien B. Corson 

Smith Conover, Thompson Irvin, G. Jason Waters, Clarence M. Busch, 

C.J.Adams, Thomas J. Dickerson, Lewis P. Scott, (ieo. W. Jackson. 

George F. Currie, Levi C. Ai.bkrtson, Rohert B. MacMullin, 

President. Vice-President. Cashier. 

SECOND NATIONAL BANK. 

CAPITAL, $100,000. SURPLUS, $70,000. UNDIVIDED PROFITS, $18,000. 

DIRECTORS 

George F. Currie, Louis Kuehnle, James H. Mason, E. V. Corson, 
LeviC. Albertson, Enoch B. Scull, Joseph Scull, Lewis Evans, 
Joseph Thompson, Israel G. Adams, Absalom Cordery. Warren Somers, 
Samuel K. Marshall. 

ATLANTIC SAFE DEPOSIT AND TRUST CO. 

CAPITAL, $100,000. SURPLUS, $25,000. UNDIVIDED PROFITS, $15,000. 

Pays three per cent, interest on deposits. Loans money on collateral or mortgage. Safe 
' Deposit Boxes for rent in burglar-proof vaults, 55 per annum and upwards. Becotties 
Suretv. Acts as executor, administrator, trustee, guardian, trustee for corporation 
mortgages, and executes trusts of every description. Private rooms for convenience 
of customers. Invites accounts. Every banking facility ottered and courteous and 
careful attention given to all business. ^ ,, ^ , 

Directors— Geo. F. Currie, John C. Fitield, M. D. Youngman, Enoch B. Scull, Samuel 
K. Marshall, Levi C. Albertson, Alfred C. McOellan, Warren Somers, Jos. Thompson, 
Israel G. Adams, C. L. Cole, Jas. H. Mason. 

Officer.s— Geo. F. Currie, President. Thompson & Cole, Solicitors. 

Joseph Tho mpson, Vicr-I'ies. Robt. H. MacMullin. .Si-c. fl>/rf Treas. 

G£0. C. FEIvKER, 

House and Sign Painter. Paper Hanging and Decorating. 

Paints, Oils and Window Class. 

No. 9 «C3UTH IvKNTUCKY AVKNUE. 




I 

I 

.1 



-^m -' ^ ii \ 




New Jersey Avenue School— Chelsea School. 



Souvenirs of Atlantic City... 

BATES & CO., 

Successors to Wii-I.iams 8; I'lmhr, Ltd., 

926 ATLANTIC AVENUE, 

Silversmiths, VVatcliniakers, Jewelers. 

Special Attention given to Repairing. 

J, R WRIGHT, 
FUNERAL DIRECTOR, 

Graduate of the V. S. College of Embalming. 

lU Pennsylvania Ave., North. 

Telephone No. 222- 

H. N. BOLTE, 

Practical VVatchmakhr and Jeweler, 

IN HIS NEW r.RlCK STORE, 

No. 912 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 
Watches, Jewelry and Diamonds. 

Repairing of Watches a Specialt\ . 

ESTABLISHED 1S64. 

FRED. MYERS, 

...Columbia Bakery, 

JSn ATLANTIC AVE. 

D. L SEIFERT, 

Practical Watchmaker and Jeweler 
For 33 Years, 

920 ATLANTIC AVE. 

Repairing Done and Guaranteed. 
Engraving. Spectacles and Eye Glasses. 

August Generotzky, Successor to 

WILLIAM GENEROTZKY^S 
NATIONAL BAKERY. 

All kinds of Bread. 

RYE BREAD a Specialty. 

No. 127 North Indiana Ave. 

WILBERT BEAUMONT, 
CARPENTER AND BUILDER, 

12 South Tennessee Ave. 
Hardwood Finishing a Specialty. Buildings 
Superintended. Plans and Estimates Fur- 
nished. Jobbing Attended to 'Phone43i. 

NASSANO'S 

CHOICE 

Fruits, Nuts and Confectionery, 

1212 Atlantic Avenue. 
'Phone 73. 



A. HIRSCH, 

Clothier and Gents* Furnisher. 

A Full Line of Ladies' and Gents' Shoes. 
1603-05 Atlantic Ave. 

BACHARACH & SONS, 

Men*s Outfitters, 

NEW YORK AND ATLANTIC AVES. 
and 
Atlantic and Pennsylvania Aves. 
'Phone 42S. 

SAMUEL ROTHHOLZ, 

Leading: Hatter and Furnisher, 

1210 ATLANTIC AVE. 

Bathing Robes, Trunks, i:tc. 

FITTON^S 

WATCHES and JEWELRY, 

1709 ATLANTIC AVE. 

Repairing a Specialty. 

E. A. McGUIRE, 

Ship Chandlery^ Fishing Tackle and 
Sporting Goods. 

Hardware, House-Furnishing Goods, Tools 

and Cutler\ . 

No. 807 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 

LOUIS LOTT, 
MERCHANT TAILOR, 

1310 Atlantic Avenue. 

H. D. BROWN, 

Practical Plumber, Gas and 

Steam Fitter, 

2411 Atlantic Avenue. 
'Phone 740. Stove Repairing a Specialty. 

B. HEIL •'•"■'"^■''V ^^'^'^ H. Schultz. 

BARBER SHOP, 

Elks Building:, 
Cor. Atlantic and Maryland Aves. 



MYERS' Union Market 

1513 ATLANTIC AVENUE. 

The leading house for the sale of all kinds of 
meats and country produce. 

Fresh and Salt Meats, Etc. CHICAGO TENDERLOINS 

Truck Fresh from Farms Daily. A SPECIALTY. 

The only slaughtering establishment on the island. 

CHARLES ROESCH & SONS, 

Central Market, ^°'^- ^^^^Teiepho„^l™j:° ^'"^^^^^ 
City Dressed Meats. 

Refrigerator Salesrooms, Slaughtering Department, 

834, 836, S38 N. Second Street, Phi1a. Abbatoir Stock Yards, West Phila. 

Headquarters for Finest Print Butter. 
Hotels and Restaurants Supplied. Rolls and Tenderloins a Specialty. 

KESSLER'S ATLANTIC MARKET, 

No. 1913 Atlantic Avenue. Phone 129. 

A good supply of all kinds of Meats, Provisions and Vegetables constantly on hand. 
Goods delivered free of char,e:e. 

WALL & HOLDZKOM, 

Telephone 223. 1202 Atlantic Avenue. 

DEALERS IN HIQH=GRADE GROCERIES. 

Specialties: P. E. Sharpless and Br ownback Butter ; Mocha and Java Coffees ; Fine Teas. 

W. R. LEWIS, 

BUTTER, EGGS AND POULTRY, 

Telephone 171. No. Q16 Atlantic Avenue. 

F. Stadler's Bakery and IceCream Parlor, 

Corner Atlantic and Virginia Avenues. 

Open all the Year. Telephone 99. 

The Cream of the Island. 

All Materials 5,^^^^ ^^^.^^ O,.^^^^ ICE CREAM, 

absolutely WATER ICES, 

Pure and Fresh, Promptly Filled. pj^^^EN FRUIT. 

RAYMOND COMPANY, 

Office, 17 S. Tennessee Avenue. 

TELEPHONE 382. 



DRUGGISTS. 



BICKEL'S PHARMACY, 

Full line of first-class Drugs, 'Phone 511. 

^"pr'eSiVtSnsIsptiaU^^ Atlantic and lUinois Avenues. 

C. J. BROWNLEY, 

Successor to M. S. GALBREATH, as Proprietor of 

THE GALBREATH APOTHECARY, 

New York and Pacific Avenues. 



0^<^a^c/^^ DRUGGIST, 

Atlantic and Michigan Aves. Morris Avenue an d Boardwa lk. 

JOHN S. INGRAM'S CENTRAL PHARMACY, 

New York and Philadelphia Prices. g Atlantic AvCHUe. 

We sell loicrr than any one ni Atlantic City. '♦ 

Prescriptions called for and delivered to all 
parts of the City in shortest time possible. 'Phone 607. 



^-^ . . Everything First-Class. Prescriptions a Specialty. 

,JNAAi3iAAHX\J^ Q^^j.^ Pennsylvania and Atlantic 

APOTHECARY, Avenucs. 

'Phone 106. 

Established 1871. '^"O^^ ^^■ 

WRIGHT'S DRUG STORE, 

Popular Prices. Cor. Virginia and Atlantic Aves. 

U. S. Postal Prescriptions a Specialty. 

Sub-Station, No. 2. _ , „, ^ „, 

F W. COTTON, Ph. G., Manager. 



DENTISTS. 



J. F. CRANDALL, D. D. S., 

Offices, Union National Bank Building. 

W. F. SEEDS. Cor. Kentucky and Atlantic Avenues. 



DR. E. M. PACKARD, 
Entrance on Cor. Pennsvlvania and Atlantic Avenues. 

Pennsylvania Avenue. ^ 



DR. CHARLES C. RAITH, 

BACHARACH BUILDING. Ncw York and Atlantic Avenues. 



PHYSICIANS. 



OKKxcKHouKs: M. D. YOUNGMAN, M. D. 

I \l '° ''•^- 1618 Pacific Avenue. 

7 to 8 p! m. Telephone 64. 

A. W. WESTNEY, M. D. 

Formerly Senior House Physician and ^ 302 PacitlC Avenue. 

Surgeon, Hahnemann Hospital, Philadelphia. Telephone 413. 

DR. WALTER C. SOOY, 

f 8 to 10 A. M. 

"^"'"iy fo 1 1: m: Telephone 3:7. ^921 Pacific Avenue. 



J. BART WEBSTER, M. D. 

Telephone No. 303. 1 32 Soutli Maryland Avenue. 

MARY MILLER, M. D. 

VENTNOR. 
HoiTRq- /Until 10 A. M. 

. j^ I to 3 and 6 to 8 p. M. Longport Cars pass the door. 



Pleasure Trips 

. . . BY . . . 

RAIL AND BOAT 



BETWEEN 



ATLANTIC CITY, LONGPORT, SOMERS' POINT, 

OCEAN CITY, SEA ISLE CITY, AVALON and 
STONE HARBOR, via 

West Jersey & Seashore 
Railroad. 

Delightful Excursions Along the Coast and Across 
Great Egg Harbor Bay. 

Time Tables may be procured at all ticket offices. 



! Kaod-Book of fttiaDtle Gity. i 

I Brief Extracts from 



So.wE OF THE Press Comments. ^-n 



One of the best advertisemenis Atlantic City ever had.— A^-^t^' I or^ ^Trttunc. ^ 

I Much valuable informauon i> given by Mr. Heslon in this liule vomrae.— /«^./tr J^ 

i Lcd.tr, Fhiiadhhia. , '. . i ^ 

a" meritorious compendium of information about one of the most popular ^ 

i; American seaside r^^^vnis.— Baltimore American. ^ 

^ A capital guide book.— AV7ty.7r/^£/^rr/"/>^r. -^ , ^-t- , , . '4 

^ It contains ju.t ^vhaL people wish to know, told in a ^gtt^^d breezy, yet con- ^ 

li c\semzimcr.—IhweJ'un2ol,Mwycrk. Z.?^^ F . y ^ , d..,^ Sl 

^. One of the most valuable and attractive works of lis Kmd puMj.she<..— i^^.-/^ JJ^ 

'I Tt\'rfilled with valuable irJormation.—/'Z%7^.^.V^V.7 7-^.V«^^^ ^ 

^ The %vork contaiiis a vasi amount, oi 'nforn-:oi.n: calouial.w to au. the toui.st J^ 

I and summer waterini:, place hurtcr. — .V/, .:.•<;, •,://'.^ (/7a.,; /"?-'.?/. ^ 

5 Contains ju.t what^every visitor ou-Lt to Knoxv concerning the ^I'^^t watering ^. 

'>■ place in the counir\'. — Philad.'f-hln Cuu. '■" '^ 

^ A complete de>r;ipiion of the i^mou= watt nn- place.— Jr^O;/^"^^/^r. ^ 

An excellent account of Atlantic City's many anract]c.n^.—/'//^^-^//';r^' thromcce- g 

i 'itVi'^vcs s reino.:k.'^.tle and interesting amount of iuformaHon about that place .^ 

'• of v-.r-.- ■< utrnv L-'r.s. — jyrntcn State Gazette. __ "J" j^ 

• It uiii !'.- ^;uiu:i oJ" g:\.ui value to all pci-on^ ^'ho cuiitt:mj;,ate visUm^ the *r 

■":' fam(ni> res-^'i't. — /i','? ; ,-,-/c'?r7; /^ ;•;.;/'.', v ^ 

iS It i= an ir.tcr.-,-.- guide to tlv: attractions of the hmous summer leHirt on the f 

'^ 'Se\v ]eri,e\ roasi.—St>ri;ic/:c'-/ ./is7/:^''iran. ■ ■> , * ^' 

^ It deliL'hts evervboh- by lt= tiiorough description of ever>-thmg in and al)out ^ 

i- AtlanticCity.— /%ov;' 6>v .V//W,/. „ , ^ , -ri. .. r ' a ± 

i The volume i"s sr>n"cvhii:g Piore than a mere Hand-Book. Jt has att^ons and J 

'^y features which render it a valuable acjui.ition to the home or the ofigK^^.d s^ a ^ 

Z compendium of i..it\,nr.ation on seaside topics it is the complete>t^|^eai;on Oi A 

^ the kind of w.'nch we lii've anv knr.vs ledge.— C<7w./c'« J^o:t. .^H ^ 

V It has a gr:uL dea! of valuable and useful infonnation between iW^covcrs.— ^ 

^ Doy/fst.Ko^! \Fa:\ InicUii^enccr. rr i, i x- t \- % 

^ A verv inlf . e-lin-j aid .inn-,e,.-ir. IHtle volume.— J/m/«/ //^//>- ( A • J- : A "t'i. J 

- of special value lo all who vi^it the seashore.— Jf ;-.>/ C^^.^/.v- ( /V/. • A:./u,on,an. ^ 

- It i^ i-iofu-elv ;]:v .;:••-- 1 aJid vomains a mass of in-.oimation ol special interest A 
^■- to the visitors lo Ati^nt-- Cltv.-.iy>>;r..^«M (A'. /) D mocrat. ^ | 
^ It is replete with <^-X> and informotion respecting the most pi>pu.ar watering J 
;^ place inllieeuviniv'..~-c;7A'../r// (A'y.i /A'w^r;Y7A , , . ,. . 2 
Vv It i. brimful of i'l.i-'C-img facts about the City V>y the Sea— its history, various Jj 
^^ poinr^ of interest, tlie rates of different hotels, and maps showing the enure plan T 
% of ti.e city and tlie location of all the resorts along the Jersey coa.st.- // est Jersey -^ 

j A beautiful and interesting Hand-Book of Atlantic City —5.7/,^^ {X. J.) Sun- | 

;4; beam. , . ^ .^^^^ . jT 

v> It i'. .vlnirabb- '.vrhtcn, r.nd the author apparently covers everytaing of l^^^ ^ 

"^ pertai..m- to Atiantu City.— /r.W<i-«;7(^A'./.) Cotuiituiiou. ^^ ^ 



-ia^;^«^^/^ir^*^^^''"'""r .u-.<^^-r>^-^^Sea Girt < 



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HECKMAN lil I ■''C^o^ .'^^: ^OV*^ Z-^^''. ''^A 

B,NDERV INC. PI ^O ^W"*" o^^"** l^P-' .*'" 



•MfeP^ N. MANCHESTER, 
^^^^ INDIANA 46962 









iSiiiiiiiiiilii IWiiltSP 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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